Exam 1 Flashcards
Define victim
Individual who experiences loss injury or hardships for any reason
Define primary and secondary victim
Primary- experiences the criminal act and its consequences first hand
Secondary- Family and love ones and those who might suffer emotional or financially but not directly involved (Ex: caregivers and first responders)
Define crime victim
Victims (experience loss/harm) as a result of an illegal act
Define victimization
And interpersonal relationship that causes injury or harm to a person or group
Define victimology
Scientific study of physical emotional and financial harm people suffer because illegal activities
How victims are handled by criminal justice agencies/officials
Subjective approach
(Victimology uses this)
Issues or approach from a standpoint of morality, ethics, philosophy, personalized reactions, and emotions
Objective approach
(Desired approach)
(Crim justice approach)
Requires observer to be fair, open minded, even handed, dispassionate, neutral, and unbiased
Name the three types of bias
Personal experience- The form of individual preferences and prejudices
History of discipline- Pioneers in the study of victimology first introduce the concept of victim blaming (today most people are pro victim)
The surroundings and social environment of observer- EX: 60-70’s demand for govt to fix victims problems
Define victimism
A widely held outlook of people who share a sense of common victimhood
Define victimology and criminology
Identify similarities and differences
Victimology- an area of specialization within criminology
Criminology- Scientific study of crimes, criminals, criminal law, and the justice system, societal reaction, and crime victims
Similarities-
Both Study how the criminal justice system actually works instead of how it is suppose to work
Differences-
- Victimology focuses on victim, crim focuses on offender.
- Crim Make crime prevention strategies
- Victimology makes victimization prevention/risk reduction
- crim has clear cut boundaries victimology does not
What are the division within the discipline?
Conservative influence (just desserts)- everyone to be held accountable for their decisions/actions (strict punishment on behalf of victims)
Liberal influence- makes criminals repay their victim, extend beyond st crime, govt intervention, “safety net” mechanism
Radical/critical/conflict influence- societal factors as reason behind crime (victimization is a result of oppressive social system)
What’s the history of victim (victims role)
- After the American Revolution and the adoption of the constitution and the bill of rights crimes were re-conceptualized as hostile acts directed against the authority of the government
- after the American revolution, the power and responsibilities formerly exercised by crime victims were taken over by public prosecutors
Rediscovery of victims
Wats the law and order movement? What effect did it have?
- trying to get a lawful order passed
- raised concerns about the unfortunate situation/harm of the victims of street crimes of violence and theft
Crime control model
A model of criminal justice that places primary emphasis on the rights of society to be protected from crime and violent offenders
What are he outcomes for law and order movement and women’s right movement?
Law and order- “get tough on criminals” focused on victims, lock up criminals quickly and for a longer time
Women’s- active in anti rape and anti battering campaigns, efforts to break down patriarchal culture
What’s Brady’s bill, amber alert, and Megan’s law?
Legislation named after victims
Brady’s bill- imposes restriction on gun purchases (background checks)
Amber alert- provides federal funding for amber alert system, authorities use media to describe kidnapping
Megan’s law- community residents are notified when sex offender lives near them
How the news portrays the victim’s harm w sheild laws?
-protect from needless and unnecessary disclosure of names, addresses, and previous victim involvement
