Exam #1

Question 1

___ are immovable joints

Answer 1

synarthroses. these are sometimes fibrous joints

Question 2

___ are semi-movable joints

Answer 2

Amphiarthroses. these are sometimes cartilaginous joints

Question 3

___ are freely moveable joints.

Answer 3

Diarthroses. these are always synovial joints

Question 4

What are the bones of the Thoracic limb?

Answer 4

scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, carpal bones, metacarpal bones, phalanges

Question 5

Define Aponeurosis

Answer 5

sheet-like tendon with large surface area

Question 6

define ligament

Answer 6

attaches bone to bone

Question 7

define tendon

Answer 7

attaches skeletal muscle to bones

Question 8

Fasciae

Answer 8

allows for muscle groups to function and work as a group

Question 9

superficial fasciae

Answer 9

made up of loose CT

Question 10

Deep Fasciae

Answer 10

made up of dense CT

Question 11

What is the shoulder joint called?

Answer 11

glenohumeral joint

Question 12

what is the elbow joint called?

Answer 12

humeroraidioulnar joint

Question 13

what is the wrist/knee joint called?

Answer 13

carpal joint (antebrachiocarpal joint, middle carpal joint, carpometacarpal joint)

Question 14

___ and ___ are the major components involved in claw retraction.

Answer 14

dorsal elastic ligament and DDF

Question 15

The glenohumeral joint is ___ to the elbow joint.

a. ) ventral
b. ) lateral
c. ) proximal
d. ) caudal

Answer 15

c.) proximal

Question 16

A dog is laying on its back with its stomach facing the ceiling, what type of recumbence is the dog in?
A.) medial
B.) dorsal
C.) vertebral
D.) ventral

Answer 16

B.) dorsal

Question 17

What three joints make up the entire carpal joint?

a. ) antebrachiocarpal joint
b. ) Interphalangeal joint
c. ) metacarpophalangeal joint
d. ) carpometacarpal joint
e. ) middle carpal joint

Answer 17

a. ) antebrachiocarpal joint
d. ) carpometacarpal joint
e. ) middle carpal joint

Question 18

Which of the following muscles is not an extrinsic muscle?

a. ) deep pectoral
b. ) serrates ventralis
c. ) trapezius
d. ) biceps brachii
e. ) latissimus dorsi

Answer 18

d.) biceps brachii

Question 19

In oder to bear weight on the forelimb, what muscle must be extended?

a. ) biceps brachii
b. ) triceps brachii
c. ) rhomboideus
d. ) teres major
e. ) teres minor

Answer 19

b.) triceps brachii

Question 20

If a cat turns its paw so that its paw pads faced medially, what action was performed?

a. ) supination
b. ) circumduction
c. ) rotation
d. ) pronation
e. ) rolling

Answer 20

a.) supination

Question 21

What processes are present on the acromion of the scapula of a cat that are not present in the dog?

a. ) Suprahamate process
b. ) Coracoid process
c. ) Hamate process
d. ) Styloid process
e. ) A & B
f. ) A & C
g. ) B & C
h. ) All of the above

Answer 21

f.) A & C

Question 22

What head of the triceps brachii m. aids in shoulder flexion?

a. ) Lateral
b. ) Accessory
c. ) Long
d. ) Medial
e. ) Deep

Answer 22

c.) Long

Question 23

What must contract in order for a cat to protract its claws?a.) Dorsal elastic ligament

b. ) SDF
c. ) DDF
d. ) Palmar annular ligament
e. ) Flexor carpi radialis

Answer 23

c.) DDF

Question 24

When performing a physical exam on a dog, what bony structure is not palpable?

a.) Greater tubercle of the humerus
b.)Serrated face of the c.)scapula
d.) Accessory carpal bone
Olecranon tuber

Answer 24

b.)Serrated face of the

Question 25

True or False: The ulna articulates with the condyle of the humerus via the trochlear notch

a. ) True
b. ) False

Answer 25

a.) True

Question 26

What structure separates the brachiocephalicus m. into two bellies: cleidobrachialis m. and cleidocephalicus m.

Answer 26

Clavicular intersection

Since the dogs do not have a true clavicle, this strong connective tissue lies where the clavicle would be

Question 27

True or False: A synovial bursa is a fluid-filled sac that surrounds muscle tendons

Answer 27

F – Synovial bursa provides 1 sided protection to muscle tendons, synovial tendon sheath surrounds muscle tendons.

Question 28

Which of the following is an example of a synsarcosis?

a. ) The attachment of the head of the femur to the pelvis via ligaments
b. ) Any synovial joint
c. ) The attachment of the thoracic limb to the body via extrinsic muscles
d. ) The attachment of the thoracic limb to the body via intrinsic muscles

Answer 28

c.) The attachment of the thoracic limb to the body via extrinsic muscles

Question 29

Which of the following is NOT an extrinsic muscle of the thoracic limb?

a. ) Serratus ventralis
b. ) Trapezius
c. ) Deltoideus
d. ) Rhomboideus

Answer 29

c.) Deltoideus

Question 30

Which of the following is present in the canine? (And what species do the other 3 belong to??)

a. ) Supracondylar foramen
b. ) Supratrochlear foramen
c. ) Suprahamate process
d. ) Hamate Process

Answer 30

b.) Supratrochlear foramen

Question 31

Which of the following is NOT an action of the subscapularis m.?

a. ) Lateral stabilization
b. ) Medial stabilization
c. ) Adduction
d. ) Extension

Answer 31

a.) Lateral stabilization

Question 32

Which of the following is NOT true of the biceps brachii m.? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)

a. ) Its tendon of origin is held down by the transverse humeral retinaculum.
b. ) It shares common insertion points with the brachialis m.
c. ) It acts to extend the elbow and flex the shoulder.
d. ) There is a subtendinous synovial bursa deep to the tendon of origin.
e. ) It has 2 heads in the canine.
f. ) It originates from the infraglenoid tubercle.

Answer 32

c. ) It acts to extend the elbow and flex the shoulder.
e. ) It has 2 heads in the canine.
f. ) It originates from the infraglenoid tubercle.

Question 33

Which of the following flexes the elbow?

a. ) Tensor fasciae antebrachii m.
b. ) Aconeus m.
c. ) Triceps brachii m.
d. ) Brachialis m.

Answer 33

d.) Brachialis m.

Question 34

True or False: Flexor carpi radialis is the only flexor muscle that arises from the lateral epicondyle.

Answer 34

F - Ulnaris lateralis is; flexor carpi radials comes from the medial epicondyle

Question 35

T or F: The palmar carpal ligament is the dorsal border of the carpal canal.

(What are the other borders?)

Answer 35

T.
Palmar border: flexor retinaculum.
Lateral border: accessory carpal bone.

Question 36

What can you find in the carpal canal?

a. ) Carpal synovial sheath
b. ) Deep digital flexor tendon
c. ) Flexor carpi radialis tendon
d. ) All of the above

Answer 36

d.) All of the above

Question 37

T or F: The pronator teres m. originates from the medial epicondyle, while the supinator m. originates from the lateral epicondyle.

Answer 37

ture

Question 38

Fill in the blank: “The superficial digital flexor m. creates the ___________ at the level of the metacarpophalangeal joint, which allows the deep digital flexor to pass through.”

a. ) Carpal canal
b. ) Flexor retinaculum
c. ) Flexor manica
d. ) Superficial annular ligament

Answer 38

c.) Flexor manica

Question 39

Which ligament holds down solely the DDF tendon?

a. ) Palmar annular ligament
b. ) Proximal digital annular ligament
c. ) Distal digital annular ligament
d. ) Dorsal elastic ligament

Answer 39

c.) Distal digital annular ligament

Question 40

Which ligament is important for claw retraction in the cat?

a. ) Palmar annular ligament
b. ) Proximal digital annular ligament
c. ) Distal digital annular ligament
d. ) Dorsal elastic ligament

Answer 40

d.) Dorsal elastic ligament

Question 41

There is a thorn stuck in Clifford’s metacarpal pad. This region would be considered the __________ aspect of the paw.

a. ) Distal
b. ) Proximal
c. ) Palmar
d. ) Plantar

Answer 41

c.) Palmar

Question 42

The superficial cervical lymph nodes are deep to what muscle?

a. ) Deltoideus m.
b. ) Cleidobrachialis m.
c. ) Trapezius m.
d. ) Omotransversarius m.

Answer 42

d.) Omotransversarius m.

Question 43

Which muscles are involved in the swing phase (not weight bearing) when the limb is extended and when the limb is pulled caudally, respectively?

a. ) Brachiocephalicus m., Latissimus dorsi m.
b. ) Deep pectoral m., Trapezius m.
c. ) Rhomboideus m., Omotransversarius m.
d. ) All of the above

Answer 43

a.) Brachiocephalicus m., Latissimus dorsi m.

Question 44

Which muscle is the most superficial?

a. ) Subscapularis m.
b. ) Trapezius m.
c. ) Rhomboideus m.
d. ) Serratus ventralis m.

Answer 44

b.) Trapezius m.

Question 45

Fill in the blanks: There are __ levels to the carpal joint. Of those levels, the ones that communicate are the __________ and ___________.

a. ) 3; antebrachiocarpal joint and middle carpal joint.
b. ) 4; antebrachiocarpal joint and middle carpal joint.
c. ) 3; middle carpal joint and carpometacarpal joint
d. ) 4; middle carpal joint and carpometacarpal joint

Answer 45

c.) 3; middle carpal joint and carpometacarpal joint

Question 46

The point of a dog’s shoulder is palpable. This structure is the:

a. ) Acromion of the scapula
b. ) Supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
c. ) Head of the humerus
d. ) Greater tubercle of the humerus

Answer 46

d.) Greater tubercle of the humerus