Exam #1 Flashcards
___ are immovable joints
synarthroses. these are sometimes fibrous joints
___ are semi-movable joints
Amphiarthroses. these are sometimes cartilaginous joints
___ are freely moveable joints.
Diarthroses. these are always synovial joints
What are the bones of the Thoracic limb?
scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, carpal bones, metacarpal bones, phalanges
Define Aponeurosis
sheet-like tendon with large surface area
define ligament
attaches bone to bone
define tendon
attaches skeletal muscle to bones
Fasciae
allows for muscle groups to function and work as a group
superficial fasciae
made up of loose CT
Deep Fasciae
made up of dense CT
What is the shoulder joint called?
glenohumeral joint
what is the elbow joint called?
humeroraidioulnar joint
what is the wrist/knee joint called?
carpal joint (antebrachiocarpal joint, middle carpal joint, carpometacarpal joint)
___ and ___ are the major components involved in claw retraction.
dorsal elastic ligament and DDF
The glenohumeral joint is ___ to the elbow joint.
a. ) ventral
b. ) lateral
c. ) proximal
d. ) caudal
c.) proximal
A dog is laying on its back with its stomach facing the ceiling, what type of recumbence is the dog in? A.) medial B.) dorsal C.) vertebral D.) ventral
B.) dorsal
What three joints make up the entire carpal joint?
a. ) antebrachiocarpal joint
b. ) Interphalangeal joint
c. ) metacarpophalangeal joint
d. ) carpometacarpal joint
e. ) middle carpal joint
a. ) antebrachiocarpal joint
d. ) carpometacarpal joint
e. ) middle carpal joint
Which of the following muscles is not an extrinsic muscle?
a. ) deep pectoral
b. ) serrates ventralis
c. ) trapezius
d. ) biceps brachii
e. ) latissimus dorsi
d.) biceps brachii
In oder to bear weight on the forelimb, what muscle must be extended?
a. ) biceps brachii
b. ) triceps brachii
c. ) rhomboideus
d. ) teres major
e. ) teres minor
b.) triceps brachii
If a cat turns its paw so that its paw pads faced medially, what action was performed?
a. ) supination
b. ) circumduction
c. ) rotation
d. ) pronation
e. ) rolling
a.) supination
What processes are present on the acromion of the scapula of a cat that are not present in the dog?
a. ) Suprahamate process
b. ) Coracoid process
c. ) Hamate process
d. ) Styloid process
e. ) A & B
f. ) A & C
g. ) B & C
h. ) All of the above
f.) A & C
What head of the triceps brachii m. aids in shoulder flexion?
a. ) Lateral
b. ) Accessory
c. ) Long
d. ) Medial
e. ) Deep
c.) Long
What must contract in order for a cat to protract its claws?a.) Dorsal elastic ligament
b. ) SDF
c. ) DDF
d. ) Palmar annular ligament
e. ) Flexor carpi radialis
c.) DDF
When performing a physical exam on a dog, what bony structure is not palpable?
a.) Greater tubercle of the humerus
b.)Serrated face of the c.)scapula
d.) Accessory carpal bone
Olecranon tuber
b.)Serrated face of the
True or False: The ulna articulates with the condyle of the humerus via the trochlear notch
a. ) True
b. ) False
a.) True
What structure separates the brachiocephalicus m. into two bellies: cleidobrachialis m. and cleidocephalicus m.
Clavicular intersection
Since the dogs do not have a true clavicle, this strong connective tissue lies where the clavicle would be
True or False: A synovial bursa is a fluid-filled sac that surrounds muscle tendons
F – Synovial bursa provides 1 sided protection to muscle tendons, synovial tendon sheath surrounds muscle tendons.
Which of the following is an example of a synsarcosis?
a. ) The attachment of the head of the femur to the pelvis via ligaments
b. ) Any synovial joint
c. ) The attachment of the thoracic limb to the body via extrinsic muscles
d. ) The attachment of the thoracic limb to the body via intrinsic muscles
c.) The attachment of the thoracic limb to the body via extrinsic muscles
Which of the following is NOT an extrinsic muscle of the thoracic limb?
a. ) Serratus ventralis
b. ) Trapezius
c. ) Deltoideus
d. ) Rhomboideus
c.) Deltoideus
Which of the following is present in the canine? (And what species do the other 3 belong to??)
a. ) Supracondylar foramen
b. ) Supratrochlear foramen
c. ) Suprahamate process
d. ) Hamate Process
b.) Supratrochlear foramen
Which of the following is NOT an action of the subscapularis m.?
a. ) Lateral stabilization
b. ) Medial stabilization
c. ) Adduction
d. ) Extension
a.) Lateral stabilization
Which of the following is NOT true of the biceps brachii m.? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)
a. ) Its tendon of origin is held down by the transverse humeral retinaculum.
b. ) It shares common insertion points with the brachialis m.
c. ) It acts to extend the elbow and flex the shoulder.
d. ) There is a subtendinous synovial bursa deep to the tendon of origin.
e. ) It has 2 heads in the canine.
f. ) It originates from the infraglenoid tubercle.
c. ) It acts to extend the elbow and flex the shoulder.
e. ) It has 2 heads in the canine.
f. ) It originates from the infraglenoid tubercle.
Which of the following flexes the elbow?
a. ) Tensor fasciae antebrachii m.
b. ) Aconeus m.
c. ) Triceps brachii m.
d. ) Brachialis m.
d.) Brachialis m.
True or False: Flexor carpi radialis is the only flexor muscle that arises from the lateral epicondyle.
F - Ulnaris lateralis is; flexor carpi radials comes from the medial epicondyle
T or F: The palmar carpal ligament is the dorsal border of the carpal canal.
(What are the other borders?)
T.
Palmar border: flexor retinaculum.
Lateral border: accessory carpal bone.
What can you find in the carpal canal?
a. ) Carpal synovial sheath
b. ) Deep digital flexor tendon
c. ) Flexor carpi radialis tendon
d. ) All of the above
d.) All of the above
T or F: The pronator teres m. originates from the medial epicondyle, while the supinator m. originates from the lateral epicondyle.
ture
Fill in the blank: “The superficial digital flexor m. creates the ___________ at the level of the metacarpophalangeal joint, which allows the deep digital flexor to pass through.”
a. ) Carpal canal
b. ) Flexor retinaculum
c. ) Flexor manica
d. ) Superficial annular ligament
c.) Flexor manica
Which ligament holds down solely the DDF tendon?
a. ) Palmar annular ligament
b. ) Proximal digital annular ligament
c. ) Distal digital annular ligament
d. ) Dorsal elastic ligament
c.) Distal digital annular ligament
Which ligament is important for claw retraction in the cat?
a. ) Palmar annular ligament
b. ) Proximal digital annular ligament
c. ) Distal digital annular ligament
d. ) Dorsal elastic ligament
d.) Dorsal elastic ligament
There is a thorn stuck in Clifford’s metacarpal pad. This region would be considered the __________ aspect of the paw.
a. ) Distal
b. ) Proximal
c. ) Palmar
d. ) Plantar
c.) Palmar
The superficial cervical lymph nodes are deep to what muscle?
a. ) Deltoideus m.
b. ) Cleidobrachialis m.
c. ) Trapezius m.
d. ) Omotransversarius m.
d.) Omotransversarius m.
Which muscles are involved in the swing phase (not weight bearing) when the limb is extended and when the limb is pulled caudally, respectively?
a. ) Brachiocephalicus m., Latissimus dorsi m.
b. ) Deep pectoral m., Trapezius m.
c. ) Rhomboideus m., Omotransversarius m.
d. ) All of the above
a.) Brachiocephalicus m., Latissimus dorsi m.
Which muscle is the most superficial?
a. ) Subscapularis m.
b. ) Trapezius m.
c. ) Rhomboideus m.
d. ) Serratus ventralis m.
b.) Trapezius m.
Fill in the blanks: There are __ levels to the carpal joint. Of those levels, the ones that communicate are the __________ and ___________.
a. ) 3; antebrachiocarpal joint and middle carpal joint.
b. ) 4; antebrachiocarpal joint and middle carpal joint.
c. ) 3; middle carpal joint and carpometacarpal joint
d. ) 4; middle carpal joint and carpometacarpal joint
c.) 3; middle carpal joint and carpometacarpal joint
The point of a dog’s shoulder is palpable. This structure is the:
a. ) Acromion of the scapula
b. ) Supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
c. ) Head of the humerus
d. ) Greater tubercle of the humerus
d.) Greater tubercle of the humerus
