Exam 1

Question 1

What is educational psychology?

Answer 1

How do people learn? And for what purpose? How can we know? We can teach all we want but how do we know it’s beneficial and that they learned

Question 2

What is a theory?

Answer 2

an interrelated set of concepts used to explain a body of data and to make predictors about the results of future experiments, analyzed set of ideas theories represent what we think we know so far based on scientific evidence

Question 3

What is the purpose of psychological theories?

Answer 3

to understand, explain, predict, and control

Question 4

Why do we use correlational and experimental studies?

Answer 4

we gain more strength in our conclusions with these two studies

Question 5

what is the goal in correlational research

Answer 5

to describe the strength of the relation between two or more events or characteristics

Question 6

What is a positive correlation in a correlational study?

Answer 6

two variables change in the same direction, up,up ; down, down

Question 7

What is a negative correlation in a correlational study?

Answer 7

They are in different directions ; up, down; down, up

Question 8

Does correlations mean causations?

Answer 8

no it may not be the causes and this is one of the biggest flaw in research

Question 9

What is the purpose of experimental research?

Answer 9

allows educational psychologists to determine the causes of behavior through performing an experiment

Question 10

What is the difference between correlational and experimental research?

Answer 10

correlational research does not involve manipulation of factors, it is not a dependable way to isolate cause

Question 11

The independent variable

Answer 11

is the manipulated, influential, experimental factor

Question 12

the dependent variable

Answer 12

outcome - the variable being measured - the thing we expect to change

Question 13

random assignment

Answer 13

randomnly assign individuals into groups ex:not just a group of men and a group of women

Question 14

Why is it important to know the differences in research designs?

Answer 14

it is important to know and understand each research design to understand the interpetation of the research

Question 15

How do we know if research is reliable

Answer 15

systematic observation or experiments, rigorious data analysis, clearly described and repeatable, must be peer reviewed

Question 16

self-regulation

Answer 16

is a skill within emotional learning (we’re not born with it) and begins with delay of gratification putting off something you want to achieve some goal later in life

Question 17

temperament

Answer 17

we’re born with it, fundamental charateristics of who we are, regularity, mood, attitude towards initation

Question 18

authoritarian parenting

Answer 18

do it b/c i said so, allow little verbal exhchange, and children tend to have poor communication skills and low self-esteem

Question 19

uninvolved parenting

Answer 19

don’t have expectations, neglectful, lack of desire to spend time with children

Question 20

indulgent parenting

Answer 20

they don’t impose a lot of rules, they should be able to do whatever they want (the children), wants to be best friends with the child

Question 21

authoritative parenting

Answer 21

warm and firm, there’s an ability to engage, you tell them the consequences with things, encourages children to be independent but still set limits and rules

Question 22

what are some crititques of parenting styles

Answer 22

some children are exposed to multiple parenting depending on if they move around or stay at different people’s house, styles change as children develop, lack of sensitivity to cultural differences

Question 23

microsystem

Answer 23

variables that the child is directly exposed to - family, school, neighbors, religion,

Question 24

mesosystem

Answer 24

interconnections between the microsystems; exampe: interaction between the family and teachers, relationship between the child’s peers and the family, children is influenced by the relationship rather than directly affect by it

Question 25

exosystem

Answer 25

insutitions of society that indirectly affect a child’s development ex: parents work place, funding for edcuation

Question 26

macrosystem

Answer 26

cultural context, provides the values, beliefs, customs, and laws of the culture in which a child grows up

Question 27

chronosystem an biology

Answer 27

developmental time, events and transitions over the life course - socicultural and history

Question 28

peer status - popular children

Answer 28

nominated as a best friend and are rarely disliked by their peers, they usually are happy, act like themselves, listen carefully, show energy and concern for others

Question 29

peer status - average children

Answer 29

both positive and negative nominations from peers,

Question 30

peer status - neglected children

Answer 30

infrequently nominated as a best friend and are often disliked by peers

Question 31

peer status - controversial children

Answer 31

are frequently nominated as someone’s best friend and disliked

Question 32

self-esteem

Answer 32

refers to a child’s overall view of himself/herself - self-worth/self-image, and for girls it drops really low as they go into adolescence years - evaluation of self

Question 33

self-concept

Answer 33

perceptions of self

Question 34

identity

Answer 34

overall sense of who you are

Question 35

identity diffusion

Answer 35

occurs when individuals have not yet experienced a crisis or made any commitments not only are they undecided about idelogoical choices, but they show little interest

Question 36

identity foreclosure

Answer 36

occurs when they have made a commitment but have not faced a crisis yet - and usually because parents had down their commitment to their children and so have not explored much on their own

Question 37

identity menatorium

Answer 37

occurs when indivduals are in the midst of a crisis but their commitments are either absent or only vaguly defined

Question 38

identity achievement

Answer 38

occurs when individual have gone a crisis and makes a commitment

Question 39

personality

Answer 39

the thoughts, emotions, and behaviors that charaterized an indivudlal

Question 40

easy temperament

Answer 40

positive mood, quickly establishes regular routines in ifnfancy, adapts easily to new enviornments

Question 41

difficult temperament

Answer 41

reacts negatively and cries frequently, enganges in irregular daily routines, slow to accept change

Question 42

slow to warm up temperament

Answer 42

low activity level, somewhat negative, displays low intensity of mood level