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Environmental Science > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

mitigation/climate change

A

now: reduce CO2 emissions/future: countries act together and independently

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2
Q

what can environmental resistance cause

A

a population to decline due to lack of food, water, habitat, weather, predators, disease, competitors

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3
Q

can matter be recycled?

A

Yes. it is the only way to maintain a dynamic system

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4
Q

top-down regulation

A

control of population by predation

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5
Q

species vs population

A

species:individuals that share certain characteristics/can produce fertile offspring (biological) population: individuals of a species living in a certain area (geographical)

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6
Q

GPD measures

A

all goods and services produced and consumed by a country minus net income fro abroad - compares rich & poor countries/assesses economic progress

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7
Q

non-reactive-N2 vs reactive nitrogen-Nr

A

non-reactive in the air and can’t be used by most organisms (about 78%). reactive nitrogen can be used by organisms in chemical reactions

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8
Q

resource partitioning

A

different species of birds utilizing different areas of a tree/short roots and long roots use different parts of the soil

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9
Q

ecology

A

processes influencing the distribution and abundance of organisms and the interactions between living things and their environment

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10
Q

greenhouse effect

A

CO2 absorbs infrared energy/greenhouse gases trap heat which warms the earth

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11
Q

the scientific method

A

a way to gain knowledge

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12
Q

ecosystem services

A

supports life and economic well being/waste decomposition/climate regulation/nutrient cycles/oxygen production

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13
Q

environmental paradox

A

statement exhibiting contradictory aspects or ideas/over last 40 yrs human well being improved while the our ecosystem’s good and services has declined

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14
Q

character displacement

A

a physical change occurs in one or both competing species that lessens competition when the two species co-occur

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15
Q

environmental science

A

study of how the world works/multidisciplinary

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16
Q

keystone species

A

crucial-prevent another species from taking over an area/allows less-competitive species to flourish/if removed, an entire ecosystem could collaspe

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17
Q

highest level dissension/policy life cycle

A

dissension highest at formulation & implementation because public arousal, political battles ensue,high media coverage

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18
Q

hypothesis vs. theory

A

hypothesis: educated guess/one observation. theory: evidence based/many observations (overarching conceptual framework)

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19
Q

natural selection

A

the process of specific traits favoring the survival of certain individuals. Acts on existing traits. The ones that help survival means those that survive are able to reproduce and carry on those traits.

20
Q

Hypoxia by eutrophication

A

hypoxia or dead zones occur because of eutrophication (nutrient-rich water) which is a coastal area where oxygen is low or absent from the bottom up well into the water column

21
Q

competition exlcusion

A

when two species compete very directly for resources, one eventually excludes the other from the area

22
Q

importance of biodiversity

A

helps maintain stability of natural systems/foundation of ag crops & medicines/provides essential goods & services (especially to the poor)/moral (once gone, gone forever)

23
Q

optimal range

A

the range over which the best response occurs

24
Q

global climate change cause

A

increase in CO2/risen 45% since 1750 (industrial revolution)

25
Q

policy life cycle

A

predictable course of policy development in a democratic society:recognition/formulation/implementation/control

26
Q

what does GPD not measure

A

goods & services by families (subsistence farming), omits natural services provided by ecosystems, depreciation of natural resouces

27
Q

eutrophication

A

nutrient-rich water supporting an abundant growth of algae or other aquatic plants at the surface

28
Q

evolution

A

all species on earth descended from acestral species thru gradual change brought on by natural selection

29
Q

bottom up regulation

A

occurs as a result of scarcity of a resource (food)

30
Q

biodiversity

A

variability among living organisms within species and ecosystems

31
Q

multidisciplinary science

A

includes many different sciences (history, engineering,geology,physics,biology,sociology)

32
Q

habitat vs niche

A

habitat: place defined by type of plants & physical environment. niche: the sum of all the conditions and resources under which a species can live (help reduce competition)

33
Q

an ecotone contains

A

many species common to both systems but in lower numbers/may also create a unique habitat that has specialized species not found in either bordering ecosystems

34
Q

r-stategist

A

produce a lot of young very quickly/leave survival to nature/short life span

35
Q

steps of the scientific method

A

phenomena/observations/questions/hypothesis/experiment/supported or not supported either find new hypothesis or if supported peer review/replication

36
Q

limits of tolerance

A

the points at the high and low ends of the range of tolerance

37
Q

economic activity/classical view

A

factors: land, labor, and capital

38
Q

is energy recyclable?

A

No. flows in a one-way direction thru ecosystems

39
Q

why does GPD NOT measure true economic progress

A

it doesn’t include environmental & social costs

40
Q

range of tolerance

A

the entire span that allows any growth at all

41
Q

density-independent factors

A

fire, storms (is not involved in maintaining population equalibrium)

42
Q

k-strategist

A

lower reproductive rate/but care for and protect young/longer life/stable environment. elephants/humans/whales

43
Q

economic activity/for ecological economists

A

the environmental encompasses the economy (without the environment there is not economy) process-resources & ecosystem turned into goods-wastes are returned to the ecosystem

44
Q

wealth and policies

A

as income levels rise so do environmental problems/unsanitary water decline w/effective policies/SO2 & CO air pollution rise then decline/CO2 emissions & suburban sprawl rise

45
Q

the environment encapsulates?

A

combination of all things and factors external to an individual or population of organisms in question

46
Q

density-dependent factors

A

disease, predation, food shortages (increases mortality)

47
Q

ecotone

A

transitional regions between ecosystems-shares many of the species/characteristics of both ecosystems it passes through

Environmental Science (9 decks)

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