Exam 1 Flashcards
______ _______ result from the arrangement and interaction of parts within a system; characterize nonbiological entities as well
Emergent Properties
_______ is the reduction of complex systems to simpler components that are more manageable to study.
EX; the molecular structure of DNA
Reductionism
A ____ is a combination of components that function together.
system
____ _____ constructs models for the dynamic behavior of whole biological systems.
Systems Biology
What are the 3 approaches to study biology?
reductionism, emergent properties, systems biology
What are the levels(in order) at which we study life?
biosphere, ecosystem, community, population, organism, organ system, organ, tissue, cell, organelle, molecule, atom
What are the activities that cells must perform to be alive?
homestasis, organization, metabolism, growth, adaptation, response to stimuli, reproduction
Regulation of the internal environment to maintain a constant state EX: sweating to reduce temp.
Homeostasis
Being structurally composed of one of more cells, which are basis units of life
Organization
Transformation of energy by converting chemicals and energy into cellular components and decomposing organic matter
Metabolism
Maintenance of a higher rate of anabolism than catabolism; a growing organism increases in size in all of its parts
Growth
The ability to change over time in response to environment; fundamental process of evolution
Adaptation
often expressed by motion
Response to stimuli
The ability to produce new individual organisms, either asexually from a single parent, or sexually from two parents
Reproduction
_____ are an organism’s basic unit of structure and function
cells
_____ are the lowest level of organization that can perform all activities required for life
cells
all cells are enclosed by a _____ and use ___ as their genetic information.
membrane; DNA
The ____ __ ___ ___ ___ is the basis of all reproduction, growth, and repair of multicellular organisms
ability of cells to divide
A _____ cell has membrane-enclosed organelles, the largest of which is usually the nucleus
eukaryotic
A _____ cell is simpler and usually smaller, and does not contain a nucleus or other membrane-enclosed organelles
prokaryotic
Bacteria and Archea are
prokaryotic
plants, animals, fungi, and all other forms of life besides bacteria and arches are
eukaryotic
The continuity of life is based on heritable information in the form of
DNA
Chromosomes contain most of a cell’s genetic material in form of ____
DNA