Exam 1 Flashcards
What is physical activity?
not sedentary behavior, bodily movement
What is exercise?
a planned and structured physical behavior
What is fitness?
an attribute resulting from regular exercise
What is disease?
abnormal or loss of function of cells + organ systems of the body
What is health?
complete state of mental, physical, and social well-being
Whats the difference between medicine and public health?
medicine treats individuals, public health prevents populations
What is mortality?
death
What is morbidity?
the rate of incidence of a particular disease
What is epidemiology?
study of patterns of health and disease in a population
What is incidence?
a new occurrence of an outcome
What is prevalence?
function of incidence and duration
How do you calculate incidence/prevalence rate?
number of cases/average population size
What is relative risk?
ratio of the probability of the event occurring in the exposed group vs. a non-exposed group
How do you calculate relative risk?
Subtract by 1 and then the decimal is the percentage
What is measuring physical activity important?
determine levels of PA in populations and how they change, to implement programs to increase PA, to figure out what parts of PA are important to health
What is energy expenditure important to get activity levels?
to understand the requirements for rest and exercise
What is energy expenditure?
amount of energy a person uses daily to complete all activities
What are the 3 things that determine total daily energy expenditure?
thermic effect of feeding and physical activity, and resting metabolic rate
What are things that influence resting metabolic rate?
body surface area, growth, genre, stress, age, thyroid
What does direct calorimetry measure?
body heat loss
What does indirect calorimetry measure?
O2 consumption
What does doubly-ladled water measure?
free-living metabolic rate
What is the gold standard for measuring resting metabolic rate?
doubly labeled water
What’s the biggest weakness of doubly labeled water?
EXPENSIVE!
What are METs?
energy expenditure at rest/resting metabolic rate
What are the two things directly related with METs?
oxygen consumption and energy expenditure
How many METs are considered light intensity?
1.1-2.9 METs
How many METs are considered moderate intensity?
3-6 METs
How many METs are considered vigorous intensity?
6.1-9 METs
How many METs are considered vigorous intensity?
greater than 9 METs
What groups have a lower RMR?
older, overweight, women, lower muscle mass
What are the two ways to assess PA?
subjective and objective
What are some subjective ways to assess PA?
diary, reports, recall
What are the 5 things a self report will measure?
frequency, intensity, type, duration, context
What are advantages of self report?
easy, inexpensive, suitable for large populations, provides context
What are disadvantages of self-report?
invalid, limited, people pay lie, people may forget
What is the IPAQ questionnaire?
standardized questionnaire that prevalence of physical activity can be compared worldwide
What is the gold standard for monitoring children and adolescents behavior?
direct observation
What information can you get from direct observation?
duration, intensity, posture, context
What are advantages of direct observation?
detailed, accurate, assesses free-living activity and is valid
What are disadvantages of direct observation?
not for large populations, can cause client to react, time consuming, extensive
What does a pedometer do
measures steps per day
What are advantages of pedometers?
objective and easy
What are disadvantages of pedometers?
doesn’t direct intensity, steps/min
What is an accelerometer?
measures body movement interns of acceleration
What are advantages of accelerometers?
easy, provides data on intensity and movement
What id accuracy?
towards the goal you want (the middle of the target)
What is precise?
in the same general area (may not be near the middle of the target but all points are near each other)
What is cardiorespiratory fitness?
ability to sustain work or a long period of time
How is cardiorespiratory fitness measured?
VO2 max
What is the gold standard for measuring VO2 Max?
maximal oxygen consumption test
What are 3 field tests to measure cardiorespiratory fitness?
timed 1 mile, step test, non-exercise prediction equation
What are the advantages of the VO2 max test?
objective, accurate
What are the disadvantages of the VO2 max test?
special, expensive equipment, high level of motivation from subject is vital
What is a cross sectional study?
a study that determines two things at the same time
What is a case/control study?
there’s one group that has a condition and one group that does not
What is a cohort study?
follows over time, no disease to start
What is a randomized/control study?
a study where it is randomized and there is a treatment over time
