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ISS > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What Are the 3 components of attitude?

A

Cognitive, Affective, Behavioral

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2
Q

What is the cognitive component?

A

the description

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3
Q

What is the affective component?

A

the feeling

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4
Q

What is the behavioral component?

A

the action

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5
Q

Do attitudes cause behavior?

A

Attitudes normally cause behavior but it can go either way.

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6
Q

What is cognitive dissonance? an example?

A

Refers to having 2 conflicting ideas in your mind but not trying to resolve them.
Example: Boss says if youre late one more time you’re fired but you see someone in an accident you wanna help

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7
Q

What is job satisfaction?

A

How happy someone is with their particular job

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8
Q

Is job satisfaction related to job performance?

A

Yes, a weak positive relationship

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9
Q

Is job satisfaction related to absenteeism?

A

Yes, negatively.

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10
Q

Is job satisfaction related to turnover?

A

Yes, negatively.

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11
Q

Does higher pay lead to higher job satisfaction?

A

Yes when you’re making next to nothing, but no when you have a mid range paying job.

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12
Q

What is skill variety? Give an example of low skill and high skill variety.

A

involves the number of different types of skills that are used to do a job. High skill variety would be a social worker while low skill variety would be a factory worker.

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13
Q

What is task identity?

A

Matter of realizing a visible outcome from performing a task

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14
Q

What is task significance?

A

The importance of one’s job. For example a police officer.

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15
Q

What is autonomy?

A

Self-directing, for example a manager or a boss.

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16
Q

What is feedback from job?

A

Like a supervisor coming in and giving thoughts and ideas about a store compared to another.

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17
Q

What are 2 active response to job dissatisfaction?

A

Exit (quitting) or Voice (speaking up about the job)

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18
Q

What is job involvement?

A

The degree to which an employee is engaged in and enthusiastic about performing their work.

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19
Q

Is job involvement related to job performance?

A

Yes, a positive relationship.

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20
Q

Is job involvement related to absenteeism?

A

Yes, a negative relationship.

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21
Q

Is job involvement related to turnover?

A

Yes, a negative relationship.

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22
Q

What is empowerment?

A

Whether or not you feel you can make a difference.

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23
Q

Is empowerment related to job performance?

A

Yes, a positive relationship.

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24
Q

Is empowerment related to absenteeism?

A

No

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25
Q

Is empowerment related to turnover?

A

No

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26
Q

What is organizational commitment?

A

Strength of the feeling of responsibility that an employee has towards the mission of the organization.

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27
Q

Is organizational commitment related to job performance?

A

A slightly positive relationship/

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28
Q

Is organizational commitment related to absenteeism?

A

Yes, a negative relationship.

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29
Q

Is organizational commitment related to turnover?

A

Yes, a negative relationship.

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30
Q

What is perceived organizational support?

A

Whether or not someone believes in his/hers organizational values.

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31
Q

Is perceived organizational support related to job performance?

A

A slightly positive relationship.

32
Q

Is perceived organizational support related to absenteeism?

A

No

33
Q

Is perceived organizational support related to turnover?

A

No.

34
Q

Are humans rational like computers?

A

No because we often let our emotions deal with how we think or make decisions.

35
Q

What is bounded rationality?

A

The idea that human rationality is limited, our brain has limits.

36
Q

List the steps in the rational decision making process. Give an example for each.

A
  1. Find the problem. Ex: What college
  2. Identify the decision criteria. Ex: Academics or friends?
  3. What is most important? Ex: academics
  4. Develop alternatives. Ex: Grand Valley, CSU, MSU
  5. Evaluate alternatives, rate on scale.
  6. Select best alternative. Ex: MSU
37
Q

Define Satisficing and give an example. Is it still useful? Why or why not?

A

Good enough but not perfect in decision making process (not following all 6 steps). Ex: choosing colleges but not going through every college in the world. It is still useful because it saves time.

38
Q

Define Intuition and give an example. Is it still useful? Why or why not?

A

Can’t quite explain it but you have seen the situation before and have a feeling what will happen next. Ex: “feel” when a tornado is coming.

39
Q

What is selective perception? Give an example.

A

the process by which individuals perceive what they want to in media messages and disregard the rest. Ex: going to a shopping mall and only looking at mens clothes.

40
Q

What is a stereotype? Give an example.

A

A widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing. Ex: blondes are stupid

41
Q

What is the halo effect? Give an example.

A

Making up someone to be awesome in your mind based off of one characteristic. Ex: beautiful so you assume shes rich and successful.

42
Q

What is the self-fulfilling prophecy? Give an example.

A

How an individual’s behavior is determined by others expectations. Ex: If a manager expects big things from someone they will try their hardest not to let them down.

43
Q

What does B=f(p,s) mean?

A

behavior = f(person, situation).

44
Q

What is attribution?

A

Rationals we create to explain why people do what they do.

45
Q

What is the fundamental attribution error? Give an example.

A

When we tend to underestimate the influence of external factors and overestimate the influence of internal or personal factors. Ex: manager blames laziness rather than a competitor.

46
Q

Who makes the fundamental attribution error?

A

Everyone

47
Q

What is self serving bias? Give an example.

A

When you attribute your success to internal factors such as hard work while blaming external factors such as bad luck and laziness for the unsuccessful times.

48
Q

Define overconfidence bias and give an example.

A

Everyone thinks they’re above average. Ex: student thinks he got 100% on a test but doesn’t.

49
Q

Define confirmation bias and give an example.

A

When we seek out information that reaffirms our past choices and disregard information that contradicts them. Ex: For example, in reading about gun control, people usually prefer sources that affirm their existing attitudes

50
Q

What is escalation of commitment and give an example.

A

An increased commitment to a previous decision in spite of negative information. Ex: Friends say things aren’t going too well but still wants to marry the girl saying he’s invested too much in it to quit.

51
Q

What is personality?

A

The sum of ways in which an individual reacts to and interacts with others.

52
Q

Define extraversion.

A

the state of being concerned primarily with things outside the self, with the external environment rather than with one’s own thoughts and feelings

53
Q

Define emotional stability.

A

a mental state of calmness and composure

54
Q

Define agreeableness.

A

a measure of a person’s compassion and cooperation towards others

55
Q

Define openness to experience.

A

describes a person’s appreciation for art, creativity, emotion, ideas and new experiences

56
Q

Define conscientiousness.

A

efficient/organized vs. easy-going/careless

57
Q

Are the Big 5 supported by research evidence?

A

Yes

58
Q

What is the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator?

A

The most widely used personality test in the world. It classifies people as Extraverted (social) vs Introverted (quiet), Sensing (routine) vs Intuitive (big picture), Thinking (logic) vs Feeling (emotions), and Judging (control and order) vs Perceiving (flexible and spontaneous)

59
Q

Is the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator supported by research evidence?

A

Yes

60
Q

What is core self-evaluation?

A

Positive core self eval is someone with ambitious goals and is confident with one’s self. They perform their jobs better. Negative core self evaluation is someone who tends to have low self esteem and doesn’t like themselves.

61
Q

What is Machiavellianism?

A

Someone who is willing to do whatever it takes to get ahead of someone.

62
Q

List 2 famous quotes from Machiavelli.

A

“its better to be feared then loved but you cant have both”

“The ends justify the means”

63
Q

What is self monitoring?

A

Refers to an individuals ability to adjust his or her behavior to external, situational factors. High self monitoring people are capable of presenting a completely different person compared to their public vs private persona.

64
Q

What is Narcissism?

A

Excessive admiration and arrogance

65
Q

Explain the concept of Bright and Dark traits, and the Bright and Dark sides to each trait.

A

Bright traits are usually helpful but can be harmful in some situations. Dark traits are usually harmful but can be helpful in some situations.

66
Q

Identify the 4 current generations in the workforce and about when they were born. For each generation list 2 or 3 major events that shaped their workplace values and 1 or 2 defining work related characteristics of each generation.

A

Traditionalists (1922-1945) - WWII, great depression. Respect for authority, loyalty, hard work
Baby Boomers (1946-1964) - Korean War, Cold War. Grew up with sense that security was taken care of –
left room for exploration and protest
Generation X (1965-1980) - Vietnam, Civil rights. diversity viewed
as norm, motivated by money, self-reliant, value free time
and having fun
Generation Y (1981-?) - Technology, 911. Most globally oriented generation; Combined
work ethic of Baby Boomers with the can-do attitude of Silent
Generation/Veterans and the technological savvy of
Generation Xers

67
Q

How high are wages for young workers today compared to 1975, after adjusting for inflation?

A

Lower than they were back then.

68
Q

Define Power Distance. How does the US rate?

A

The degree to which people in a country accept that power in institutions and organizations is distributed unequally. High power distance indicates large inequalities of power and wealth exists and are tolerated. The US is rates medium.

69
Q

Define Individualism. How does the US rate?

A

The degree to which people prefer to act as individuals rather than a group. The US rates high.

70
Q

Define Masculinity. How does the US rate?

A

This refers to how a culture views equality. The US rates medium.

71
Q

Define Uncertainty avoidance. How does the US rate?

A

The extent to which a society feels threatened by uncertain and ambiguous situations and tries to avoid them. The US rates medium.

72
Q

Define Long-term orientation. How does the US rate?

A

The attribute that emphasizes the future. The US scores low.

73
Q

How does the US rate on self expression values?

A

Relatively high

74
Q

How does the US rate on secular rational values?

A

Relatively low

75
Q

Does a correlation mean that one thing causes another?

A

no

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