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Mass Communications > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Noise/Interference

A

Disrupts the message being sent

  • External (noises)
  • Internal (thoughts)
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2
Q

Model of Mass Communication

A

Sender->(Message)->Several Receivers
(Encoder) (Decoder)

1:Many

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3
Q

Delayed Inferential Feedback

A

Ratings, tweets, FB posts, social media

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4
Q

Media Literacy

A

The ability to access, analyze, evaluate, and communicate information

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5
Q

Narrowcasting

A

Rather than sending an ad to every person, they appeal to specific audiences they want
-costs less money and gives them a more specific audience (women)

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6
Q

Convergence (general definition)

A

The erosion of traditional distinctions among media

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7
Q

Internetization

A

Trying to make T.V. like the internet

  • Ridiculousness, Tosh.0
  • Sports casters read tweets on show
  • Put #’s in the corners
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8
Q

Mediatization

A

“There’s an app for that”

  • there is an app to buy wine when ppl used to have to go to the store
  • ppl record concerts on their phone rather than enjoying it
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9
Q

Conglomeration

A

Increased ownership of media outlets by larger, non-media companies

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10
Q

Oligopoly

A

Ownership by a few companies

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11
Q

The Big Six

A 
Walt Disney
News Corporations
-Fox, Fox News, Fox Sports
Viacom
-MTV, Comedy Central, Nickalodeon
Sony
-Playstations, Speakers
Time Warner
-TBS, TNT, Time Magazine
Comcast
-NBC, Universal
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12
Q

Horizontal Integration

A

Owning several properties at the same level of production

-Comedy Central, MTV, Nickalodeon

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13
Q

Vertical Integration

A

Owning several properties at different levels of production

-Movie studio, distribution company, and theater chain

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14
Q

Synergy

A

Using one of your companies to help out another one of your companies

  • E! Network promotes Knocked Up by showing it and the movie promotes E! by showing it in the movie
  • E! owns both the network and the movie (cross-promotion)
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15
Q

Cultural Imperialism

A

The phenomenon of American media fashion and food dominating the global market and shaping the cultures and identities of other nations

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16
Q

Fragmentation

A

Audience segments are more narrowly defined than ever before

-Narrowcasting & Niche marketing

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17
Q

Hypercommercialization

A

There are more commercials on T.V. than ever before which results in less show time

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18
Q

Bugs/Obnoxicons

A

Ads on the screen during a show to tell you what the next show is, what you’re watching right now, and what’s on tonight at 7

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19
Q

Product Placement

A

When products like candy advertise another product like a movie
-M&M’s have Yoda/Darth Vader on package

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20
Q

Verasamilitude

A

Trying to make product placement seem natural

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21
Q

Brand Entertainment

A

Using their products in games

-Chester cheeto collects cheetos to save the day in a video game

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22
Q

Marshall McLuhan

A

He said that media are “extensions of ourselves” and that “the medium is the message” which means that the way the message is delivered is as important as the content of the message

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23
Q

What is Parchment made of?

A

Animal (Goat) skin/hide

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24
Q

What is Papyrus made of?

A

Pulped plant

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25
Q

Movable Type

A

First way to mass produce books, allowing letters to be moved to change the message on the page

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26
Q

Dime Novels

A

Very cheap books that you could get for ten cents because they were made of pulp

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27
Q

Steps of Modern Publishing

A
  1. Authors write, propose, sample chapters
  2. Publisher signs book, author paid first half of advance
  3. Author writes book
  4. Book delivered to publisher
  5. Author revises manuscripts, book is accepted, author paid second half of advance
  6. Book enters production, cover is designed
  7. Author reads and corrects book
  8. Book is printed and distributed
  9. Book can be purchased
  10. Author gets first royalties
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28
Q

Acta Diurna

A

First type of news in ancient Rome when little messages were posted around the city to give news about the courts

29
Q

Broasides/Broadsheets

A

Earliest newspapers in America

  • expensive and only one sided sheet of paper
  • weekly paper rather than daily paper
  • no headlines
  • no ads
30
Q

Penny Press

A

Costed one cent, news for everyone-not just wealthy people

31
Q

How do newspapers circulate?

A

Newsstands and subscriptions

-Subscriptions are consistent and can brag about how many people are getting/reading it

32
Q

Pass-along Readership

A

Give/leave newspaper/magazine behind for someone else to pick up

33
Q

News Hole

A

Put advertisements in the page first and then decide how much space they can use for news content

34
Q

Erosion of the “firewall”

A

A type of product placement where advertisements are made to look like part of the newspaper content

35
Q

Agenda Setting

A

The media doesn’t tell you what to think, but it tells you what to think about

36
Q

Gannett

A

Daily and weekly papers and T.V. stations

-own USA Today, Sheboygan Press, etc.

37
Q

Advertorials

A

Meant to look like an article, but its an advertisement

-blending content and advertising

38
Q

Complementary Copy

A

Use specific brand of product in a recipe

-cooking magazine articles for sweet baby rays BBQ sauce in recipe, flip two pages and see an ad for the sauce

39
Q

Conglomeration in Magazines

A

Owning more than one type of magazine

40
Q

Zoopraxiscope

A

Earliest form of movies are pictures strung together, moving really fast
-like a flip book (horse)

41
Q

Kinetoscope

A

One single movie for one person

42
Q

Nickelodeon

A

First movie theater

-had air conditioning!

43
Q

Le Voyage dans la Lune

A

First narrative-similar to a play with audience

44
Q

The Birth of a Nation

A

First feature film-very long and racist (about KKK)

45
Q

The Jazz Singer

A

First synchronized dialogue-“the talkies”

-blackface

46
Q

Escapism

A

Fantasy films that make audience feel like they are in a different world/universe

47
Q

Three Component System

A

Production
Distribution
Exhibition

48
Q

Trends/Strategies in Films

A
  • Blockbuster Mentality
  • Concept Film
  • Audience Research
  • Sequel, Remakes, and Franchises
  • Television, Comic Books, Video Games Remakes
  • Merchandise Tie-ins
  • Product Placement
49
Q

Who discovered the radio?

A

Guglielmo Marconi

-Wanted to find a way to communicate with ships oer long distance

50
Q

Radio

A

Radio is mobile and specialized (different channels)
Radio is local and fragmented
-designed to be repetitive because some people only tune in for about 20 min

51
Q

Television Networks

A

Broadcast (abc, nbc, cbs, fox, the CW)
Cable (MTV, FX, ESPN, Oxygen)
Premium (HBO, Showtime, Cinemax, Starz)
Digital (Hulu, Netflix, Amazon)

52
Q

Five Principles of Programming

A
  1. Compatibility
    - match everyday life of audience
    - no popular show at 2 pm
  2. Habit Forming
    - stripping: making sure program is on at same time and channel every week
  3. Control of Flow
    - block programming (marathons)
    - counter programming (superbowl vs puppybowl)
    - tent pole (new, popular, new)
    - hammock (popular, new, popular)
  4. Conservation of Resources
    - parismony principle
  5. Mass (Breadth of) Appeal
    - appealing to as many as possible
53
Q

What are the network affiliates?

A 
NBC - NBC 26
CBS - CBS 5
FOX - FOX 11
abc - abc 2
The CW - CW 14
54
Q

Digital Natives

A

People who have never known a world without the internet

55
Q

Digital Immigrants

A

People who have had to migrate from a time where the internet was not present to today’s society

56
Q

Dataveillance

A

Massive electronic collection and distillation of consumer data
-data + surveillance

57
Q

Click Stream

A

A series of choices made by a user on the web

-whatever you click on on the internet

58
Q

Cookies

A

Permission to send ads

59
Q

Spyware

A

No permission or knowledge of downloading ads

60
Q

Digital Divide

A

Who has access to the internet-measure based on community type, race, income level, etc.

  • 76% White
  • 59% Black
  • 55% Hispanic
61
Q

Technology Gap -> Information Gap -> Knowledge Gap ->

A

If you don’t have internet, you know less than others-domino effect

62
Q

Citizen Journalism

A

Citizens are becoming “journalists” because they have the ability to take videos and pictures of crime happening just like news footage

  • good for democracy b/c there are no biases
  • bad because gets in the way of ppl doing their job
63
Q

Internet as a Compliment to Traditional Media

A

Carpool Karaoke-online promotion for James Cordon Show

T.V shows end up on youtube-Jimmy Fallon skits

64
Q

Internet as a Substitution to Traditional Media

A

Netflix-T.V
Pandora-CD’s
JS Online-Newspaper

65
Q

Yellow Journalism

A

Journalism about sex, crime, etc. Featured a yellow character in a cartoon

66
Q

Freemium Game

A

Free game, but make money on the ads

67
Q

Advergame

A

Game that advertises something

-collect the frootloops

68
Q

First Run Syndiction

A

Company produces a show and lets networks bid for the rights to show their show (Ellen and Oprah)

69
Q

Gamafication

A

Making things into games to help people

-educational

Mass Communications (2 decks)

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