Exam 1 Flashcards
Noise/Interference
Disrupts the message being sent
- External (noises)
- Internal (thoughts)
Model of Mass Communication
Sender->(Message)->Several Receivers
(Encoder) (Decoder)
1:Many
Delayed Inferential Feedback
Ratings, tweets, FB posts, social media
Media Literacy
The ability to access, analyze, evaluate, and communicate information
Narrowcasting
Rather than sending an ad to every person, they appeal to specific audiences they want
-costs less money and gives them a more specific audience (women)
Convergence (general definition)
The erosion of traditional distinctions among media
Internetization
Trying to make T.V. like the internet
- Ridiculousness, Tosh.0
- Sports casters read tweets on show
- Put #’s in the corners
Mediatization
“There’s an app for that”
- there is an app to buy wine when ppl used to have to go to the store
- ppl record concerts on their phone rather than enjoying it
Conglomeration
Increased ownership of media outlets by larger, non-media companies
Oligopoly
Ownership by a few companies
The Big Six
Walt Disney News Corporations -Fox, Fox News, Fox Sports Viacom -MTV, Comedy Central, Nickalodeon Sony -Playstations, Speakers Time Warner -TBS, TNT, Time Magazine Comcast -NBC, Universal
Horizontal Integration
Owning several properties at the same level of production
-Comedy Central, MTV, Nickalodeon
Vertical Integration
Owning several properties at different levels of production
-Movie studio, distribution company, and theater chain
Synergy
Using one of your companies to help out another one of your companies
- E! Network promotes Knocked Up by showing it and the movie promotes E! by showing it in the movie
- E! owns both the network and the movie (cross-promotion)
Cultural Imperialism
The phenomenon of American media fashion and food dominating the global market and shaping the cultures and identities of other nations
Fragmentation
Audience segments are more narrowly defined than ever before
-Narrowcasting & Niche marketing
Hypercommercialization
There are more commercials on T.V. than ever before which results in less show time
Bugs/Obnoxicons
Ads on the screen during a show to tell you what the next show is, what you’re watching right now, and what’s on tonight at 7
Product Placement
When products like candy advertise another product like a movie
-M&M’s have Yoda/Darth Vader on package
Verasamilitude
Trying to make product placement seem natural
Brand Entertainment
Using their products in games
-Chester cheeto collects cheetos to save the day in a video game
Marshall McLuhan
He said that media are “extensions of ourselves” and that “the medium is the message” which means that the way the message is delivered is as important as the content of the message
What is Parchment made of?
Animal (Goat) skin/hide
What is Papyrus made of?
Pulped plant
Movable Type
First way to mass produce books, allowing letters to be moved to change the message on the page
Dime Novels
Very cheap books that you could get for ten cents because they were made of pulp
Steps of Modern Publishing
- Authors write, propose, sample chapters
- Publisher signs book, author paid first half of advance
- Author writes book
- Book delivered to publisher
- Author revises manuscripts, book is accepted, author paid second half of advance
- Book enters production, cover is designed
- Author reads and corrects book
- Book is printed and distributed
- Book can be purchased
- Author gets first royalties
Acta Diurna
First type of news in ancient Rome when little messages were posted around the city to give news about the courts
Broasides/Broadsheets
Earliest newspapers in America
- expensive and only one sided sheet of paper
- weekly paper rather than daily paper
- no headlines
- no ads
Penny Press
Costed one cent, news for everyone-not just wealthy people
How do newspapers circulate?
Newsstands and subscriptions
-Subscriptions are consistent and can brag about how many people are getting/reading it
Pass-along Readership
Give/leave newspaper/magazine behind for someone else to pick up
News Hole
Put advertisements in the page first and then decide how much space they can use for news content
Erosion of the “firewall”
A type of product placement where advertisements are made to look like part of the newspaper content
Agenda Setting
The media doesn’t tell you what to think, but it tells you what to think about
Gannett
Daily and weekly papers and T.V. stations
-own USA Today, Sheboygan Press, etc.
Advertorials
Meant to look like an article, but its an advertisement
-blending content and advertising
Complementary Copy
Use specific brand of product in a recipe
-cooking magazine articles for sweet baby rays BBQ sauce in recipe, flip two pages and see an ad for the sauce
Conglomeration in Magazines
Owning more than one type of magazine
Zoopraxiscope
Earliest form of movies are pictures strung together, moving really fast
-like a flip book (horse)
Kinetoscope
One single movie for one person
Nickelodeon
First movie theater
-had air conditioning!
Le Voyage dans la Lune
First narrative-similar to a play with audience
The Birth of a Nation
First feature film-very long and racist (about KKK)
The Jazz Singer
First synchronized dialogue-“the talkies”
-blackface
Escapism
Fantasy films that make audience feel like they are in a different world/universe
Three Component System
Production
Distribution
Exhibition
Trends/Strategies in Films
- Blockbuster Mentality
- Concept Film
- Audience Research
- Sequel, Remakes, and Franchises
- Television, Comic Books, Video Games Remakes
- Merchandise Tie-ins
- Product Placement
Who discovered the radio?
Guglielmo Marconi
-Wanted to find a way to communicate with ships oer long distance
Radio
Radio is mobile and specialized (different channels)
Radio is local and fragmented
-designed to be repetitive because some people only tune in for about 20 min
Television Networks
Broadcast (abc, nbc, cbs, fox, the CW)
Cable (MTV, FX, ESPN, Oxygen)
Premium (HBO, Showtime, Cinemax, Starz)
Digital (Hulu, Netflix, Amazon)
Five Principles of Programming
- Compatibility
- match everyday life of audience
- no popular show at 2 pm - Habit Forming
- stripping: making sure program is on at same time and channel every week - Control of Flow
- block programming (marathons)
- counter programming (superbowl vs puppybowl)
- tent pole (new, popular, new)
- hammock (popular, new, popular) - Conservation of Resources
- parismony principle - Mass (Breadth of) Appeal
- appealing to as many as possible
What are the network affiliates?
NBC - NBC 26 CBS - CBS 5 FOX - FOX 11 abc - abc 2 The CW - CW 14
Digital Natives
People who have never known a world without the internet
Digital Immigrants
People who have had to migrate from a time where the internet was not present to today’s society
Dataveillance
Massive electronic collection and distillation of consumer data
-data + surveillance
Click Stream
A series of choices made by a user on the web
-whatever you click on on the internet
Cookies
Permission to send ads
Spyware
No permission or knowledge of downloading ads
Digital Divide
Who has access to the internet-measure based on community type, race, income level, etc.
- 76% White
- 59% Black
- 55% Hispanic
Technology Gap -> Information Gap -> Knowledge Gap ->
If you don’t have internet, you know less than others-domino effect
Citizen Journalism
Citizens are becoming “journalists” because they have the ability to take videos and pictures of crime happening just like news footage
- good for democracy b/c there are no biases
- bad because gets in the way of ppl doing their job
Internet as a Compliment to Traditional Media
Carpool Karaoke-online promotion for James Cordon Show
T.V shows end up on youtube-Jimmy Fallon skits
Internet as a Substitution to Traditional Media
Netflix-T.V
Pandora-CD’s
JS Online-Newspaper
Yellow Journalism
Journalism about sex, crime, etc. Featured a yellow character in a cartoon
Freemium Game
Free game, but make money on the ads
Advergame
Game that advertises something
-collect the frootloops
First Run Syndiction
Company produces a show and lets networks bid for the rights to show their show (Ellen and Oprah)
Gamafication
Making things into games to help people
-educational
