Exam 1 Flashcards
Benzodiazepines uses
Insomnia
Anxiety
Status epilepticus seizes
Muscle spasms
Benzodiazepines side effects
Drowsiness Dizziness Confusion Anxiety Toxicity Withdrawal
Non-Benzodiazepines prototype
Zolpidem (Ambien)
Non-Benzodiazepines uses
Short term treatment of Insomnia
Non-Benzodiazepines side effects
Dizziness, Drowsiness, anxiety, confusion, diplopia (double vision), headache, amnesia
Non-Benzodiazepines instructions
Take before bed
Take on an empty stomach
Non-Benzodiazepines contraindications
Suicidal ideation
Benzodiazepines instructions
Take before bed
Benzodiazepines contraindications
Glaucoma
Centrally Acting Relaxants prototype
Baclofen (Lioresal)
Centrally Acting Relaxants uses
Relieve muscle spasms due to: Spinal cord injury Cerebral Palsy Multiple Sclerosis Musculoskeletal injury
Centrally Acting Relaxants side effects
Drowsiness and dizziness early in treatment, constipation, nausea, withdrawal
Centrally Acting Relaxants instructions
Take with food or milk
Centrally Acting Relaxants interactions
Cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril) and MAOIs cause hypertensive crisis
Benzodiazepines prototype
Diazepam (Valium)
Peripherally Acting Muscle Relaxants prototype
Dantrolene (Dantrium)
Peripherally Acting Muscle Relaxants uses
Relax skeletal muscle spasms related to: Cerebrovascular accident Spinal cord injury Multiple sclerosis Cerebral Palsy Prevent and treat malignant hyperthermia
Peripherally Acting Muscle Relaxants side/adverse effects
Muscle weakness, drowsiness, dizziness, diarrhea, liver toxicity
Peripherally Acting Muscle Relaxants instructions
Avoid driving and activities that require mental alertness, CNS depressants (alcohol)
Peripherally Acting Muscle Relaxants contraindications
Liver disease
Peripherally Acting Muscle Relaxants interactions
CNS depressants such as alcohol increase the risk of severe sedation, calcium channel blockers increase risk of severe cardiac dysrhythmias,
Estrogen use
Hydantoins prototype
Phenytoin (Dilantin)
Hydantoins uses
Tonic-Clonic seizures
Partial seizures
Hydantoins side/adverse effects
Mild drowsiness and other CNS effects,
Gingival hyperplasia,
Skin Rash,
Withdrawal symptoms
Hydantoins instructions
- Do not drive or perform other hazardous activities if experiencing CNS depressant effects.
- Brush teeth with soft-bristled toothbrush, massage guns, and floss
- Do not stop taking phenytoin abruptly
Hydantoins contraindications
- Bradycardia or heart block
- Seizures caused by low blood sugar
- Previous allergy
Hydantoins interactions
IV Phenytoin is Incompatible in solution with other drugs and dextrose solution
Alcohol
CNS depressants
Valproic Acid prototype
Valproic Acid (Depakote)
Valproic Acid uses
- all seizure types
- maina associated with bipolar disorder
- migraine headache (prevention)
Valproic Acid side/adverse effects
- Gastrointestinal upset
- Bruising, bleeding, prolonged bleeding, decreased platelets
- skin rash
- liver toxicity
- hyperammonemia
Iminostilbenes prototype
Carbamazepine (Tegretol)
Iminostilbenes uses
- Partial seizures
- Tonic-Clonic seizures
- Bipolar disorder
- Trigeminal neuralgia
Iminostilbenes side effects
- visual disturbances (headache, ataxia, nystagmus, blurred vision)
- decreased excretion of water (fluid retention)
- skin rash
- bone marrow suppression
Iminostilbenes instructions
- begin with a low dose and gradually increase
- take at bedtime
- no driving
- use sunscreen/ limit sun exposure
Iminostilbenes contraindications
Hematologic disorders
Heart failure
Iminostilbenes interactions
Grapefruit juice
Effectiveness of oral contraceptions
Valproic Acid contraindications
Liver disorder
Thrombocytopenia
Hyperammonemia
Valproic Acid instructions
Monitor bleeding time, and platelet count. Monitor blood ammonia levels.
Ensure patient takes lowest effective dose
Valproic acid interactions
Topiramate (Topamax) increases risk for hyperammonemia
Drugs for seizures
- Benzodiazepines (Diazepam)
- Hydantoins (Phenytoin)
- Iminostilbenes (Carbamazepine)
- Valproic Acid (valproic acid)
Drugs for sleep disorders
- Benzodiazepines (Diazepam )
- Non-Benzodiazepines (Zolpidem)
Drugs for muscle spasms
- Centrally acting muscle relaxants (Baclofen)
- Peripherally acting muscle relaxants ( Dantrolene)
Drugs for anesthesia
- Local Anesthesia (Lidocaine)
- General Anesthesia/ Barbiturates (Sodium thiopental)
- General anesthesia/ Benzodiazepines (Midazolam)
- General anesthesia/ Opioids (Fentanyl)
