exam 1 Flashcards by Samantha Shiminski

Q

above 36 degrees latitude…

A

more shortwave radiation is lost than received

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Q

at 36 degrees latitude or below…

A

more shortwave radiation is received than lost

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Q

albedo of…

water (sun overhead)

A

3 - 5%

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Q

albedo of…

forested areas

A

5 - 10%

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Q

albedo of…

wet earth

A

10%

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Q

albedo of…

dry earth

A

15 - 25%

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Q

albedo of…

green grass

A

20 - 25%

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Q

albedo of…

sand surface

A

20 - 30%

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Q

albedo of…

thin clouds

A

25 - 50%

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Q

albedo of…

old snow

A

50 - 60%

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Q

albedo of…

water (low sun angle)

A

50 - 80%

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Q

albedo of…

thick clouds

A

70 - 80%

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Q

albedo of…

fresh snow

A

85%

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Q

Latent Heat is released during…

A

1) Condensation
2) Deposition (vapor to ice)
3) Freezing

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Q

Latent Heat is absorbed during….

A

1) Melting
2) Evaporation
3) Sublimation (ice to vapor)

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Q

of 100% of incoming solar radiation…

how much is reflected from surface?

A

4%

Q

of 100% of incoming solar radiation…

how much is scattered from atmosphere?

A

6%

Q

of 100% of incoming solar radiation…

how much is scattered and reflected by clouds?

A

20%

Q

of 100% of incoming solar radiation…

how much is absorbed by atmosphere and clouds?

A

19%

Q

of 100% of incoming solar radiation…

how much is absorbed by the earth?

A

51%

Q

permanent gases and their percentages

A

Permanent Gases (98% volume)

Nitrogen (N) - 78.07%
Oxygen (O) - 20.95%
Argon (A) - .93%
Neon (Ne) - .001%

Q

Stanley Gedzelman’s (CCNY) Seven Causes of Weather

A

Sun’s heating varies over Earth and with Seasons
Difference in air temperatures over Earth causes winds
Rotation of Earth destroys wind patterns … twisting the wind, produces spirals … high / low pressure
Since less moisture can coexist in colder air, precipitation is generally caused by cooling the air
* ** Pressure in the atmosphere ALWAYS decreases with height ***
The process of decreasing air pressure … temperatures drop
The process of increasing air pressure … temperature rise
Clouds / precipitation are caused by rising air (lows) clear skies are caused by sinking air (highs)

Q

isotach

A

lines of equal Wind speed

Q

isodrosotherm

A

lines of equal dew point temperature

Q

isallobar

A

measures equal pressure change over time

Q

isohyet

A

lines of equal rain fall amounts

Q

isotherm

A

lines of equal air temperature

Q

isobar

A

lines of equal atmospheric pressure

Q

what are the elements of weather?

A

air temperature
humidity
clouds
precipitation
wind direction
wind speed
visibility
air pressure