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Anatomy > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of tissue would you expect to find in an area of the body that experiences friction and wear and tear?

A

Stratified Squamous Epithelial Tissue

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2
Q

What do Goblet cells secrete?

A

Mucus

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3
Q

What tissue type is found in the serous membranes that form the surface of the stomach and intestine?

A

Simple columnar epithelium

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4
Q

The internal lining of the esophagus and adult vagina is what type of tissue?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium.

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5
Q

The only type of cell seen in tendon is what?

A

Fibroblasts

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6
Q

The two types of cartilages are hyaline and…?

A

Elastic

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7
Q

Glands that release their product via ducts rather than directly into the bloodstream are?

A

Exocrine

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8
Q

Which of the following statements about the hypodermis is correct?

A

It consists of loose connective tissue and adipocytes.

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9
Q

Hair turns grey or white as people age because?

A

Melanocytes die out.

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10
Q

The linea aspera is found on which bone?

A

Femur

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11
Q

If two bones are joined so firmly together they cannot move, they form a?

A

Synstosis

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12
Q

Hypertension of the knee is prevented partially by the?

A

Anterior Cruciate Ligament

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13
Q

The hyaline costal cartilage that attaches a rib to the sternum forms a…?

A

synchondrosis

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14
Q

The synthesis of ______ depends on the penetration of UV light through the epidermis.

A

Vit. D

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15
Q

The gland most responsible for cooling the skin are.?

A

Merocrine glands

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16
Q

In thin skin, the ____ is absent.

A

Statrum lucidem

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17
Q

What is the mode of secretion of sebaceous glands?

A

Holocrine

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18
Q

What cutaneous glands develop as outgrowths of hair follicle?

A

Sebaeceous and apocrine

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19
Q

The most external layer of a hair shaft is?

A

The cuticle

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20
Q

Hemopoiesis typically occurs in?

A

Red Bone Marrow

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21
Q

The cells primarily responsible for the breakdown of bone are?

A

Osteoclasts

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22
Q

The protein fibers of the bone matrix are composed of?

A

Collagen

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23
Q

If it were not for the _______, osteocytes in the outer lamellae of an osteon would not be able to transport their wastes tot he blood steam for removal.

A

Canaliculi

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24
Q

The foramen ovale is found in which bone?

A

Sphenoid

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25
Q

The internal/External acoustic meatuses are openings in the?

A

Temporal Bone

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26
Q

The lambdoid suture separates the parietal bones from?

A

the occipital bone

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27
Q

What structures separate the cranial bones at birth and allow for limited movement of the bones relative to one another?

A

Fontanels

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28
Q

Costal facets are found only on?

A

Thoracic vertebrae

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29
Q

What forms the superior portion of the sternum?

A

Manubrium

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30
Q

Which bones form the nasal septum?

A

Ethmoid and Vomer

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31
Q

What part of the scapula articulates with the clavicle?

A

Coracoid process

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32
Q

What bone is a sesamoid bone?

A

Patella

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33
Q

Which of the knee ligaments function to reinforce the medial and lateral surfaces of the join, tighten only at full extension of the join, and , in this position, act to stabilize the join?

A

Tibial and fibular collateral ligaments

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34
Q

What is not a part of the rotator cuff?

A

Teres major

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35
Q

A tissue that forms a supportive framework in the spleen and liver is known as ____ tissue

A

Reticular

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36
Q

Developmental stages and changes in the __________ of various long bones allow a forensic pathologist to quite accurately estimate the age of a skeleton below the age of 25.

A

Epiphyseal Regions

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37
Q

Which type of epithelium lines the renal pelvis, ureters, and urinary bladder?

A

Transitional

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38
Q

Intervertebral compression in an abnormal direction can cause?

A

a herniated disc.

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39
Q

The most significant organic component of the matrix of bone is?

A

Collagenous fibers.

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40
Q

What would most likely penetrate the skin if it were to come into contact?

A

Fat-soluble vitamins. Hydrophobic.

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41
Q

A reduction in bone mineral density most commonly associated with what post-menopausal women is known as?

A

Osteoporosis

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42
Q

Sebaceous glands are often associated with?

A

Hairs

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43
Q

Pigments embedded in the skin during tattooing are found in what layer of the skin?

A

The dermis.

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44
Q

What ligaments connects the clavicle to the scapular?

A

Acromioclavicular

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45
Q

What movement is possible at both shoulder and elbow joints?

A

Flexion and extension.

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46
Q

What originates from osteoprogenitor cells?

A

Osteoblasts and osteocytes. NOT osteoclasts.

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47
Q

A tissue viewed under the microscope displays cells in little holes, densely packed fibers and no blood vessels. This describes what kind of tissue?

A

Fibrocartilage

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48
Q

Why would a skin graft have to include some cells from the stratum basale?

A

So that these cells can undergo mitosis to replenish cells which will be shed.

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49
Q

A part of the body that contains a broad, flat disc of fibrocartilage would be classified as a?

A

Symphysis

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50
Q

Aplastic anemia results from pathological changes in the _____ of an afflicted individual.

A

Bone marrow.

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51
Q

Bone growth rates increase dramatically after puberty because?

A

Sex hormones increase osteoblast bone deposition rates.

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52
Q

Shedding of dead skin cells occurs from what layer?

A

Stratum corneum.

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53
Q

What are some structures found in the epidermis?

A

Keratinocyte, Merkel Cells, and Langerhan’s Cells

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54
Q

The matrix of connective tissue is composed of?

A

Fibers and ground substances.

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55
Q

A small sac of gland cells surrounding a space into which they secrete their product is called?

A

Acinus/Acinar

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56
Q

Bursae are small pockets or sacs filled with synovial fluid that?

A

Help to relieve pressure during movement of body parts.

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57
Q

The superior orbital fissure and the foramen rotundum open into what fossa of the cranium?

A

Middle cranial fossa.

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58
Q

Human hair is derived from what kind of cells?

A

epithelial cells

59
Q

Both exocrine and endocrine glands are derived from what?

A

Epithelial tissue.

60
Q

The type of strong fibrous connective tissue which attaches bones to bones at joints is called a?

A

Ligament

61
Q

Due to persistent exposure to cigarette smoke, the epithelia of the trachea changes from pseudostratified ciliated squamous epithelium to stratified squamous epithelium. This transition is identified as?

A

Metaplasia

62
Q

Characteristics below describe _____________. It may have a bifid spinous process, transverse foramen, and the body is very reduced in size in one member of this group.

A

Cervical Vertebrae.

63
Q

The tissue lining the outer wall of small intestine of the digestive tract is called?

A

Simple columnar epithelium.

64
Q

What is the suffix that implies growth/formation?

A

-blast

65
Q

The dermis of the skin is an area that contains what generically?

A

It contains loose connective tissue, collagenous fiber, nerves, and blood vessels.

66
Q

In osseous tissue, which of the following occupy the lacunae?

A

Osteocytes

67
Q

Gap junctions are found in high quantities in cells of what body organ?

A

Heart

68
Q

The inner most layer of the hair shaft is the?

A

Medulla

then cortex -> cuticle

69
Q

Pacinian corpuscles, and meissners corpuscles are structures associated with?

A

Sensation of touch

70
Q

How are bones innervated?

A

The periostium and endosteum are innervated by sensory nerves.

71
Q

Which one makes up most of the floor of the orbit?

A

Maxilla

72
Q

Bone cells that produce new bone matrix are called?

A

Osteoblasts

73
Q

What do mucous membranes do?

A

Line body cavities that communicate with the exterior and keeps epithelial surfaces moist.

74
Q

Cell-to-cell attachments involving ______ and ______ are responsible for the “spiny” appearance of cells in the stratum spinosum.

A

Desmosomes -> tonofibrils

75
Q

The type of join formed by the fusion of two bones is a?

A

Synostosis

76
Q

The term “sarcoma” indicates that the tissue being referred to is/has?

A

Canerous

77
Q

The layer in which most mitosis occurs in the epidermis is the?

A

Stratum basale

78
Q

“Lines of cleavage” are associated most closely with?

A

The orientation of elastic and collagenous fibers in the dermis.

79
Q

When the epiphyseal cartilage ossifies, what can still occur?

A

The one may still grow in diameter.

80
Q

Apocrine sweat gland are for the most part, associated with what areas of the body?

A

Hair follicles of the axilla, groin, and around the nipples.

81
Q

Where else would we find a cruciate ligament besides the knee?

A

Superior part of the vertebral canal.

82
Q

The orbital plates of the frontal bone separates the orbit from the?

A

Anterior cranial fossa

83
Q

The movement away from the longitudinal axis of the body in the frontal plane is called?

A

Abduction

84
Q

If a long bone found at an archeological dig contained functional epiphyseal plates, what inference is most accurate?

A

The person was prepubertal.

85
Q

In anatomical description, a person is said to be supine when…?

A

Lying face up in the anatomical position.

86
Q

Where can a plane suture be found?

A

The right and left maxilla.

87
Q

The most significant reason that the hip join is less mobile than the shoulder joint is?

A

The almost complete bony socket enclosing the head of the femur.

88
Q

The linings of both the oral and nasal cavities are?

A

Mucous membranes.

89
Q

What epidermal cell has immunological properties?

A

Langerhan cells.

90
Q

The wet membrane that covers cavities open to the external surface of the body is called the?

A

Mucous membrane.

91
Q

Hormones are examples of ____ secretions.

A

Endodrine

92
Q

The pectoral girdle consists of the what?

A

Clavicle and scapula.

93
Q

Tendons from this muscle primarily supports the knee

A

Quadriceps femoris

94
Q

What part of the hair and visible to the naked eye?

A

Shaft only

95
Q

The depression on the distal end of the anterior humerus on the medial side is (the)?

A

Coronoid fossa

96
Q

Ossification of flat bones takes place by ________ bone formation.

A

Intramembranous

97
Q

What type of vertebrae has transverse foramen?

A

Cervical

98
Q

Which of the following terms refers to fine hairs frown on the fetus?

A

Lanugo

99
Q

Spongy bone is made up of a network of bony spines called?

A

Trabeculae

100
Q

Fontanelles are not made out of what?

A

Bone

101
Q

A condition resulting from a hereditary defect in elastin fibers characterized by hyperextensible joints, tall stature, long limbs, and vision problems is?

A

Marfan syndrome.

102
Q

The transverse foramen serve as a passage for?

A

Vertebral arteries.

103
Q

The term, “tension lines” refers to ______ found in the _______.

A

Collagenous Fibers, Dermis

104
Q

The cruciate ligaments are best described in what category?

A

Intracapsular knee ligament

105
Q

What does brown fat do?

A

Insulates our bodies against heat loss.

106
Q

What is anemia?

A

a disorder where we have fewer than normal RBC

107
Q

What are the hair pigments for each hair color?

A

Black -> Eumelanin
Brown -> Pheomelanin
Red -> Carotene

108
Q

Two bones have auricular surfaces, namely…

A

The sacrum and os coxae.

109
Q

What is the type of secretion where the cell product accumulates in the cytoplasm and the entire cell disintegrates?

A

Halocrine

110
Q

This layer of skin often contains langerhans cells and melanocytes.

A

Stratum spinosum.

111
Q

Ceruminous glands found in the ____ are a/an _______.

A

Ceruminous

Modified sweat gland

112
Q

The parenchyma of the spleen is supported by a stroma made up of?

A

Reticular Fibers

113
Q

What do you see in appositional bone growth?

A

The diameter of the bone increases

114
Q

Which of the following is not a paranasal sinus?

A

Temporal

115
Q

The papilla of the hair is found in what vicinity?

A

bulb

116
Q

Name the layers of the hair shaft from deep to superficial.

A

Medullary, Cortex, Cuticle.

117
Q

Endochondral ossification begins with what?

A

Hyaline Cartilage

118
Q

Much of the growth in the length of long bones occurs due to what?

A

Proliferation of cartilage by mitosis and growth of chondrocytes.

119
Q

What type of tissue is specialized to resist compression?

A

Fibrocartilage

120
Q

Which type of epithelium lines the renal pelvis, ureters, and urinary bladder?

A

Transitional

121
Q

Loose connective tissue does NOT have what?

A

Parallel, packed fibers`

122
Q

In classifying epithelia, one of the following criteria is used.

A

The number of layers of cells

123
Q

Epithelial regeneration as a characteristic would be absolutely necessary in this type of gland?

A

Halocrine.

124
Q

Where does intramembranous ossification occur?

A

Forms the mandible, the clavicle, and the rofing bones of the skull.

125
Q

Osteoporosis is most likely to affect what population?

A

Older woman.

126
Q

What is the fate of the chondrocyte that are present where bone is forming?

A

They die and are replaced by bone cells.

127
Q

The two types of osseous tissues are?

A

Spongy and compact.

128
Q

Which type of cell is capable of dividing to produce new osteoblasts?

A

Osteoprogenitor.

129
Q

The auricular surface of the sacrum articulates with the?

A

Ilium.

130
Q

Which of the following are true of the ethmoid bone?

A

It contains the cribiform plate.
It serves as the anterior attachment of the falax cerebri.
It contains the crista galli.

131
Q

Synovial fluid in a joint cavity serves which actions?

A

Chondrocyte nurishment, shock absorption, lubrication.

132
Q

During a shoulder separation injury, which of the following structures is most likely to be damaged?

A

Acromiolclavicular Ligament

133
Q

What applies to the locking mechanism of the knee?

A

The lock requires a slight external rotation of the tibia.

134
Q

All of the following are paranasal sinuses except what bone?

A

Temporal

135
Q

A major change in bone tissue that occurs with aging and leads to increased brittleness is?

A

Decreased protein synthesis.

136
Q

The girdles attach the limbs (extremeties) to the axial skeleton.

The girdles are considered a part of the axial skeleton.

Which statement is true?

A

First is true, second is false.

137
Q

All three types of fibers (collagen, elastic, and reticular) are found in what type of tissue?

A

Areolar Connective Tissue.

138
Q

Melanocytes synthesize melanin from what pigment?

A

Tyrosine

139
Q

Alternating the turning of the palm of the hand toward the ceiling and then turning it toward the floor is a movement of the forearm. This occurs at the what?

A

Radiocarpal joint.

140
Q

A potts fracture is a break of the distal end of the ______ while the colles’ fracture is a break in the distal end of the _____.

A

Fibula, Radius

141
Q

What is the supine position.

A

Lying down, face up.

142
Q

What is the pronation position.

A

Lying down, face down.

143
Q

Merocrine sweat glands are classified as what type of structure?

A

Simple coiled tubular

144
Q

Sebeceous glands are what type of structure?

A

Simpe branched alveolar.

Anatomy (5 decks)

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