Exam 1 Flashcards
Quantative Research
- Numeric data
- Test hypotheses
- Describe, test relationships, assess differences, cause & effect, test interventions
Qualitative Research
- Data are words
- Seeks understanding about meaning of human experience
- Context
Systematic Review
Rigorous appraisal of relevant studies using a standardized method
Meta-analysis
Is a systematic review + statistical analysis of data from several studies to determine aggregate effects
Integrative Review
Summaries of studies and conceptual literature grouped gby variables or themes that have a common focus
Meta-synthesis
Integrates qualitative research findings on a topic, is based on a topic, and is based on comparative analysis and interpretive synthesis
*Evidence Based Practice
Relies on:
- Clinical expertise
- Systematic research
- Patient preferences
*Nursing Roles in the Research Process
- Consumer
- Team member
- Producer
Critique
Process of critical appraisal that objectively and critically evaluates a research report’s content for scientfic validity or merit and application to practice
Steps of EBP
- Ask a clinical question
- Systmatic search of literature
- Cirtical Appraisal of research/synthesize findings
- Integrate evidence to implement a decision
- Evaluate the outcome
*ACE Star Model of Knowlege Transformation
- Discovery
- Summary
- Translation
- Integration
- Evaluation
*X Factor
Independent Variable (IV) Can be manipulated or not manipulated
*Y Factor
Dependent Variable (DV) NOT manipulated
*Clinical Question - PICO
P - Patient/Population
I - Intervention
C - Comparison
O - Outcome
*Empirical
Obtaining evidence or objective data
-data through direct observation
(goes hand-in-hand w/research)
*Extraneous variables
AKA “Confounding Variables”
Characteristics no under study in a particular research project, but which have the potential of affecting the results of the study
*Conceptual Definition
General meaning of a concept
*Operational Definition
The measurements used to observe or measure a variable.
Research Report Components - Title
Variables of interest and population
Research Report Components - Abstract
A brief, comprehensive summary of a study
Research Report Components - Methods
- Design
- Sample
- Procedure
- Instruments; reliability/validity
- Ethics
Research Report Components - Results/Findings
- Data Analysis
- Discussion/Conclusions; recommendations, implications
- References
Critical Reading
an active interpretation and objective assessment of an article during which the reader is looking for key concepts, ideas and justifications.
Critical Thinking
the rational examination of ideas, inferences, principles, and conclusions.
Critique
Process of objectively and critically evaluating a research report’s content for scientific merit and application to practice, theory or education.
Theory
set of interrelated concepts, definitions and propositions that present a systematic view of phenomena for purpose of explaining or making predictions about those phenomena.
ACE Star Model of Knowledge Transformation
- Discovery
- Summary
- Translation
- Integration
- Evaluation
Null (H0)
STATISTICAL HYPOTHESIS
- Non-Directional ONLY
- No relationship b/t variables
Research (H1 or Hx)
ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS
-Directional or Non-Directional
Belmont Principles
Respect for persons
Beneficence
Justice
Respect
o Respect:
• Treat individuals as autonomous agents
• allow people to choose for themselves
• Do not use person as means to an end
• Give protection to those with limited autonomy
• Applied: Informed consent, respect for privacy
Beneficence
- Acts of kindness that go beyond duty
- Obligations to benefit others, protect from harm, prevent evil, promote good
- Applied: Sound research design, competent investigators, favorable risk-benefit ratio
Justice
treat people fairly
• Fair sharing of burdens and benefits
• Applied: Equitable selection of subjects
*Data-based Lit. review
research
“emperical”
*Theoretical Lit. Review
Conceptual
Conceptual or Theoretical Framework
A structure of concepts that provides a map for the study
-Helps to provide rationale for the development of research questions or hypotheses
