Exam 1

Question 1

Ocean temperature range

Answer 1

-2 to 30 degrees celcius

Question 2

Average Ocean temp.

Answer 2

3 or 4 degrees celcius

Question 3

Adiabatic Process

Answer 3

No heat is gained or lost

Question 4

In Situ temperature

And what is the symbol?

Answer 4

The measured temperature, that still includes pressure. (T)

Question 5

Potential Temperature

Answer 5

Temperature reading that “corrects” the effects of pressure. (Theta)

Question 6

Why does In-Situ temperature increase with depth?

Answer 6

Because work is being applied when the pressure increases which cause the temperature to rise.

Question 7

What is salinity?

Answer 7

Total amount of dissolved material in seawater

Question 8

Principal of constant proportions

Answer 8

If you know the concentration of one ion, you know the concentration of all the ions, and therefore know the total salinity

Question 9

Density equation and units

Answer 9

p=mass/volume

kg/m^3 or g/cm^3

Question 10

Average density of the ocean

Answer 10

1027 kg/m^3

Question 11

Does density increase or decrease with depth?

Answer 11

Increase

Question 12

As salinity increases does density increase or decrease? Why?

Answer 12

Increase
Because Density and salinity have a symbiotic relationship so as density goes up, the amount of salt in the water goes up and therefore causes salinity to increase.

Question 13

As temperature increases does density increase or decrease? Why?

Answer 13

Decrease
Because temperature and density have an inverse relationship. When the temperature goes up then the space between water molecule gets larger causing the density to decrease.

Question 14

What has the LARGEST effect on density?

Answer 14

Decreasing volume

Question 15

Sigma-T

Answer 15

Removes pressures huge effect.

Question 16

As water moves towards the poles does surface density increase or decrease? Why?

Answer 16

Increases, because the water gets colder the closer you get to the poles which means the water molecules will be closer together which in turn increases density.

Question 17

What is the heat called that causes a change in temperature?

Answer 17

Sensible heat.

Question 18

Latent Heat

Answer 18

The heat absorbed or released in the change of phase of water.

Question 19

Latent Heat of Fusion

Answer 19

80cal/gm

Question 20

Latent Heat of Evaporation

Answer 20

540cal/gm

Question 21

Flux units (in words)

Answer 21

Quantity/(Area x Time)

Question 22

Heat Flux Units (in words)

Answer 22

Joule/(m^2 x seconds)

Question 23

1 Watt is = ?

Answer 23

1 Joule/s

Question 24

Heat In (One heat flux) and Acronym

Answer 24

Shortwave radiation or insulation (Qs)

Question 25

Heat Out (Three Heat fluxes) and Acronym

Answer 25

Long-wave or Back radiation (Qb)

Question 26

Qh?

Answer 26

Sensible Heat Flux

Question 27

Qe?

Answer 27

Latent Heat flux

Question 28

Heat Fluxes

Answer 28

The transfer of heat in or out of the ocean.

Question 29

What is the process that takes the most heat out of the ocean?

Answer 29

Evaporation

Question 30

Explain Advective Heat flux and what is the acronym?

Answer 30

(Qv) Transfers heat in and out of a region. | It is the only heat flux that does not transfer heat in and out of the ocean (through the surface)

Question 31

Total sea-air flux equation

Answer 31

Qs-Qb-Qe(+-)Qv=0

Question 32

*What does unequal Heating/cooling produce? And what do they do? And why?

Answer 32

1. ) Wind driven circulation (surface currents) that pump heat poleward. 2. ) Thermohaline circulation (deep currents) that pump cold water equatorial. The oceans circulate to redistribute heat, caused by the unequal heating/cooling at the surface.

Question 33

Albedo

Answer 33

Amount of radiation that gets bounced away by earth's atmosphere. About 30% on average.

Question 34

Absorptivity

Answer 34

Amount of radiation absorbed by the atmosphere and clouds. About 20% on average gets absorbed.

Question 35

Transmissivity

Answer 35

Amount of radiation absorbed by land and sea. About 50% on average absorbed by land and sea.

Question 36

Albedo+Absorbtivity+Transmissivity=?

Answer 36

100%

Question 37

Latent Heat Flux equation

Answer 37

Qe=E x L x rho E: Evaporation rate L:Latent heat of evaporation p: Density

Question 38

Vapor Pressure

Answer 38

The air pressure produced by all the water vapor in the air. It is a measure of how much water is in the air.

Question 39

Saturation Vapor Pressure

Answer 39

The maximum amount of water vapor that can be in the air (Ex. when the humidity is 100%)

Question 40

What is the freezing point of water? (in Celsius)

Answer 40

0

Question 41

What is the boiling point of water? (in Celsius)

Answer 41

100