Exam 1 Flashcards
Ocean temperature range
-2 to 30 degrees celcius
Average Ocean temp.
3 or 4 degrees celcius
Adiabatic Process
No heat is gained or lost
In Situ temperature
And what is the symbol?
The measured temperature, that still includes pressure. (T)
Potential Temperature
Temperature reading that “corrects” the effects of pressure. (Theta)
Why does In-Situ temperature increase with depth?
Because work is being applied when the pressure increases which cause the temperature to rise.
What is salinity?
Total amount of dissolved material in seawater
Principal of constant proportions
If you know the concentration of one ion, you know the concentration of all the ions, and therefore know the total salinity
Density equation and units
p=mass/volume
kg/m^3 or g/cm^3
Average density of the ocean
1027 kg/m^3
Does density increase or decrease with depth?
Increase
As salinity increases does density increase or decrease? Why?
Increase
Because Density and salinity have a symbiotic relationship so as density goes up, the amount of salt in the water goes up and therefore causes salinity to increase.
As temperature increases does density increase or decrease? Why?
Decrease
Because temperature and density have an inverse relationship. When the temperature goes up then the space between water molecule gets larger causing the density to decrease.
What has the LARGEST effect on density?
Decreasing volume
Sigma-T
Removes pressures huge effect.
As water moves towards the poles does surface density increase or decrease? Why?
Increases, because the water gets colder the closer you get to the poles which means the water molecules will be closer together which in turn increases density.
What is the heat called that causes a change in temperature?
Sensible heat.
Latent Heat
The heat absorbed or released in the change of phase of water.
Latent Heat of Fusion
80cal/gm
Latent Heat of Evaporation
540cal/gm
Flux units (in words)
Quantity/(Area x Time)
Heat Flux Units (in words)
Joule/(m^2 x seconds)
1 Watt is = ?
1 Joule/s
Heat In (One heat flux) and Acronym
Shortwave radiation or insulation (Qs)
Heat Out (Three Heat fluxes) and Acronym
Long-wave or Back radiation (Qb)
Qh?
Sensible Heat Flux
Qe?
Latent Heat flux
Heat Fluxes
The transfer of heat in or out of the ocean.
What is the process that takes the most heat out of the ocean?
Evaporation
Explain Advective Heat flux and what is the acronym?
(Qv) Transfers heat in and out of a region.
It is the only heat flux that does not transfer heat in and out of the ocean (through the surface)
Total sea-air flux equation
Qs-Qb-Qe(+-)Qv=0
*What does unequal Heating/cooling produce? And what do they do? And why?
- ) Wind driven circulation (surface currents) that pump heat poleward.
- ) Thermohaline circulation (deep currents) that pump cold water equatorial.
The oceans circulate to redistribute heat, caused by the unequal heating/cooling at the surface.
Albedo
Amount of radiation that gets bounced away by earth’s atmosphere. About 30% on average.
Absorptivity
Amount of radiation absorbed by the atmosphere and clouds. About 20% on average gets absorbed.
Transmissivity
Amount of radiation absorbed by land and sea. About 50% on average absorbed by land and sea.
Albedo+Absorbtivity+Transmissivity=?
100%
Latent Heat Flux equation
Qe=E x L x rho
E: Evaporation rate
L:Latent heat of evaporation
p: Density
Vapor Pressure
The air pressure produced by all the water vapor in the air. It is a measure of how much water is in the air.
Saturation Vapor Pressure
The maximum amount of water vapor that can be in the air (Ex. when the humidity is 100%)
What is the freezing point of water? (in Celsius)
0
What is the boiling point of water? (in Celsius)
100
