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Biology 1408 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the properties of life? What are examples of each?

A

1) Organization- How the cells are arranged
2) Energy Use- Producer/Autotroph: makes their own energy (plants), Consumer/Heterotroph: eats something to consume energy (human), Decomposer: Gets energy from dead or decaying matter (fungi)
3) Internal Consistancy- Homeostasis: maintaining a constant tempurature, pH, and salt level
4) Reproduction, Growth, and Development- sexual or asexual, survival of the species is more important than survival of the individual, reproduction is key
5) Evolution- the core theme in biology, Red Queen hypothesis- if you can’t keep up you fall behind and die. Evolution changes the frequency of a trait, it does not introduce a new trait. Adaptations must be inherited and be able to be passed on through reproduction.

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2
Q

Can something be living if it does some, but not all of the properties?

A

No, a living thing must have all five of these

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3
Q

Can something nonliving perform some of the properties of life?

A

Yes

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4
Q

Is DNA a property of life?

A

No, DNA is not a property of life

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5
Q

What pH does an acid have? A base? What makes one strong or weak?

A

Acid: <7, weak: closer to 7, strong: closer to 1

Base: >7, weak: closer to 7, strong: closer to 14

Neutral: 6-8

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6
Q

What pH does a neutral solution have?

A

6-8

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7
Q

How do you neutralize an acid?

A

Use a base

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8
Q

What is the function and basic structure of a carbohydrate? Protein? Phospholipid? Nucleic acid? Fat? Know some distinguishing characteristics about each so you can ID them.

A

f

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9
Q

What is an isotope?

A

Atoms that have different numbers of neutrons

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10
Q

What is the difference between inductive and deductive reasoning? Be able to identify each with examples.

A

Inductive is used for theories, you go small to big.

deductive is when you go big to small/ a hypothesis

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11
Q

What did Charles Darwin hypothesize when he saw the orchids of Madagascar?

A

He hypothesized that there must be an insect that had a long enough probiscus to reach the nectar.

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12
Q

What are the properties of water important for sustaining life? Be able to describe each one and the function of each one.

A

d

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13
Q

What is the sequence of the levels of biology in order? Be able to identify examples of each level.

A

Atom-> Molecule-> Organelle-> Cells-> Tissues-> Organs-> Organ System-> Organism (we stop here)-> Population-> Community-> Ecosystem-> Biosphere.

ie: Carbon, CO2, Nucleus, Skin cell, Muscle tissue, Heart, Circulatory system, Humans, the Class, TR Campus, Ft. Worth, Earth.

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14
Q

Which is the lowest level that can sustain life-meaning, which level is considered a living thing?

A

Cells

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15
Q

What are the levels of protein structure? Which is not necessary?

A

Primary Structure: the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide chain. This sequence decides all subsequent structure levels.

Secondary Structure: Results from hydrogen bonds between parts of the polypeptide, Folds the chains of the amino acids into coils, sheets, and loops

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16
Q

What is a dependent variable? Independent variable? Standardized variable? Be able to identify each one in a given experiment.

A

Independent- What you change and test

Dependent- What you measure/ what changes

Standardized- What is consistant

17
Q

What is a controlled experiment?

A

When every part of the experiment is controlled and you only change one variable at a time in order to observe the changes

18
Q

What is a control and why is it important?

A

A control is a variable in an experiment that does not get the treatment. This is done to know what the results are based off of one controlled element.

19
Q

What is a placebo?

A

A placebo is where the real treatment is not given out in order to see what the true results are. Often times used as the control

20
Q

What is a producer? A consumer? A decomposer? What are examples of each?

A

Producer/Autotroph: makes their own energy (plants), Consumer/Heterotroph: eats something to consume energy (human), Decomposer: Gets energy from dead or decaying matter (fungi)

21
Q

What is the atomic number? The atomic mass?

A

d

22
Q

What are the parts of the atom and how can you use the above numbers to determine how many of each an atom has?

A

d

23
Q

What is an enzyme?

A

d

24
Q

What is a molecule?

A

A group of the same atoms

25
Q

What is a covalent bond? What does this bond form? What is the difference between a polar and a nonpolar covalent bond in terms of electronegativity and electron sharing?

A

The sharing of electrons between ATOMS in the same MOLECULE

26
Q

What is an ionic bond? What does this bond form? What types of atoms form this bond in terms of electronegativity?

A

Forms when one atom releases a valence electron and becomes cation, and another atom absorbs this electron to its valence shell and becomes anion

27
Q

What is a hydrogen bond?

A

Forms between opposite partial charges on adjacent molecules.

I.e: a hydrogen atom on one molecule and an oxygen atom on another molecule

28
Q

Which type of bond creates water molecules? Which type of bond attaches water molecules together?

A

d

29
Q

What is a buffer? What combination of solutions makes a good buffer?

A

A buffer is something that tries to smooth out the differnece between two pH’s. A good buffer is consisted of a base and an acid close in range.

30
Q

What is a dehydration reaction? What is hydrolysis?

A

c

31
Q

What is the difference between a theory and a hypothesis? Why is evolution a theory and not a hypothesis?

A

A hypothesis is a narrow question that can be tested. A theory used inductive reasoning: you observe a small group and make broad assumptions. Evolution is a theory because it is widely accepted.

32
Q

What two things must a valid hypothesis be?

A

Tested and falsifiable

33
Q

When is the scientific method used?

A

When conducting experiments

34
Q

What is the difference between a hydrophobic and a hydrophilic substance?

A

Hydrophobic- nonpolar, does not dissolve in water

Hydrophilic- polar, does dissolve in water

35
Q

Where does all the energy come from?

A

The sun

36
Q

What are the 3 domains of life?

A

d

37
Q

What is the basic principle behind natural selection/evolution?

A

The Red Queen Hypothesis

38
Q

Which is more important- an individual or a species?

A

Species

39
Q

What is the difference between a saturated and an unsaturated fat? Know the distinguishing characteristics of each so that you can ID them.

A

d

Biology 1408 (2 decks)

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