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New Testament > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What three general purposes for the NT did the professor identify?

A
  • To tell us about God; it’s His self-disclosure
  • To complete God’s message to humanity
  • To show us God’s plan (salvation, reconciliation, life, redemption) New testament is intentional – it’s goal is to accomplish a plan
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2
Q

What external and internal forces have threatened the survival of the Jews in the time between the OT and the NT? Explain each of them. What observation did the professor make from this history about the ways to destroy the Jews?

A

External forces – Greek, Persian, Egyptian, and Roman empires.

A majority of Jews alive are dispersed (the Diaspora) across the entire region. A minority of Jews actually lives in the land of Israel.

Greek almost destroy Jewish religious system in 165 BC by Hellenizing them, or making them adopt the Greek religions and customs. Judas Maccabaeus led the Jewish revolt and the threat was rebuffed.

Destroy Jews through Seduction (other gods and idolatry), not persecutionMajority of Jews alive are dispersed (the Diaspora) across the entire region.

A minority of Jews actually live in the land of Israel. By the time of Jesus, more Jews lived outside than inside Jerusalem (Israel)The Jews are spread and weakened by persecution.Internal Threats of wavering devotion to God and the deadness of formalism (practice the forms of [ ] faith) and externalism (you do all stuff on the outside, but inside you’re far from God) have sapped much of the spiritual vitality of the JewsSeveral sects/parties have emerged in Israel as the NT age begins

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3
Q

What purposes of the OT and of the NT did the professor offer?

A

OT: To reveal God’s promise to bless all humanity, through the nation of Israel, to His own glory

NT: to fulfill God’s plan to bless all humanity through His son to His own glory

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4
Q

What are the two aspects of Jesus peacemaking with all humanity? What has been done, and what remains to be done to reconcile humanity?

A

Has been done: sin is pardoned and the Holy Spirit is give

What will be done: sin is fully defeated and God reigns forever

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5
Q

What reasons did the professor offer for the NT having four gospels?

A

To add reliability and accountability

To show four different aspects of Christ

Written to different people groups

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6
Q

Why is so much of the life of Christ left out of the gospels’ records?

A

Included the most significant events

Public ministry

Too much otherwise

Give enough to understand him and accept him as the Messiah

Sets up the Christian faithIt served their purpose

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7
Q

Why do the gospels seem to contain contradictory details at times?

A

Four different people interpret the things differently and also different experiences with Jesus

Different perspectives

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8
Q

What do we know about Matthew?

A

This gospel writer was a Jew, Apostle, and former tax collector.

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9
Q

What do we know about Mark?

A

This gospel writer was a Jew who is closely linked to both the Apostles Paul and peter, but is not an apostle himself.

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10
Q

What do we know about Luke?

A

This gospel writer was a gentile, physician, missionary companion of Paul, and a good writer and historian.

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11
Q

What do we know about John?

A

This gospel writer is a Jew, Apostle, one of the three inner circle apostle, and a former fisherman.

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12
Q

Who are the Pharisees and how did the professor describe them?

A

-“Separate ones”-Jewish Legalists (follows law; their faith is solely in the law; self-justification)-Estimated 6,000 at the time of Christ; they were tied to the synagogues of Israel.-“The party of the people.”

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13
Q

Who are the Sadducees and how did the professor describe them?

A
  • Supernaturalists elite-priestly party
  • controlled high priests
  • Upper class (aristocrats)
  • Didn’t believe in anything supernatural besides God; no angels, resurrection, afterlife, etc.
  • They died out around 70 AD when the temple was destroyed
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14
Q

Who are the Herodians and how did the professor describe them?

A
  • collaborators with Herod and Rome
  • Put in power by Rome
  • The people hated him
  • If you supported Herod, you were basically a traitor to the Jews
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15
Q

Who are the Essenes and how did the professor describe them?

A
  • Never mentioned by name in the NT (supposedly 4,000 people though)-Believe Judaism was corrupt and they fled to practice Jewish faith without Gentile influence
  • Dead sea scrolls (found 1940s)John the Baptist influenced by these people (possibly)
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16
Q

Who are the Zealots and how did the professor describe them?

A
  • Advocated violent overthrow of Rome (militarily)-Radical people would overthrow (insurgents)
  • Military groups that led to war with Romans
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17
Q

Why is it important that an apostle or close associate of an apostle wrote each of the gospels?

A

They are the only ones that have the authority from God to write the gospels.

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18
Q

What is the distinction between an apostle and a disciple?

A
  • An apostle is someone who has the authority to send someone out.
  • Disciple is a student or a learner
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19
Q

To whom (or to what group) did Matthew write his book?

A

Written to all Jews: both those who have and have not received Jesus as their Messiah

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20
Q

To whom (or what group) did Mark write his book?

A

Primarily to written to Gentile Christians, perhaps specifically Roman.

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21
Q

To whom (or what group) did Luke write his book?

A

Written to Gentiles everywhere.

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22
Q

To whom (or what group) did John write his book?

A

Written to general audience of people.

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23
Q

What is the purpose of Matthew?

A

The purpose of this gospel to persuade the Jews that Jesus is the Messiah and to reassure believing Jews that the promised kingdom is still coming, but in a different way.

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24
Q

What is the purpose of Mark?

A

The purpose of this gospel is to present Jesus as the divine servant of God, and to encourage believers to follow Him now, no matter the cost.

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25
Q

What is the purpose of Luke?

A

The purpose of this gospel is to persuade all Gentiles to follow Christ by presenting the exact details of Christ’s life and His appeal to follow Him.

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26
Q

What is the purpose of John?

A

The purpose of this gospel is to urge all people to receive eternal life through faith in Christ, and to live lives patterned after Jesus’ own life.

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27
Q

What is the literary structure of Matthew? Include the approximate chapter breaks.

A

1: 1-11:6 - The presentation of the Messiah
11: 7-27 - The rejection of the Messiah

28 - The Triumph of the Messiah

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28
Q

What is the literary structure of Mark? Include the approximate chapter breaks.

A

1: 1-8:30 - The Servant’s authority established
8: 31-10:52 - The cost of following the Servant

11-16 - The servant in Jerusalem

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29
Q

What is the literary structure of Luke? Include the approximate chapter breaks.

A

1: 1-4:13 - Jesus appears
4: 14-9:50 - Jesus’ early ministry
9: 51-19:27 - Jesus going to Jerusalem
19: 28-24:53 - Jesus in Jerusalem

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30
Q

What is the literary structure of John? Include the approximate chapter breaks.

A

1: 1-1:18 - Prologue
1: 19-12:50 - Public ministry of Jesus

13-17 - Jesus with the twelve

18-21 - Jesus’ death and resurrection

31
Q

What is the significance of the “son of Abraham” title in Matthew? The “son of David” title?

A

Abraham - the Messiah is the fulfillment of the blessing given o Abraham in the OTDavid - said that one of the David’s descendants will sit upon the throne forever

32
Q

From Matthew 1-11, what is Matthew’s purpose for Jews who have not yet accepted Jesus as their Messiah?

How is Jesus presented to the Jews in this first major section of Matthew, in light of the OT?

A

Matthew’s purpose in this section is to prove the Jesus is the Messiah of Israel, worthy of David’s throne.

Jesus is depicted as the rightful Messiah.

Matthew appeals to the OT to prove his assertions about Jesus.

33
Q

What seven pieces of evidence did Matthew give in 1:1 to 11:6, to prove that Jesus is Israel’s Messiah? Be able to explain each one.

A

-Jesus’ family line: starts with genealogy going from Abraham and David down to Jesus.

Jesus the Christ – Christ is royal title meaning “anointed one” N.B. The four “tainted” women in Jesus’ ancestry

– Tamar, Rahab, Ruth, and Bathsheba. It foreshadows the scandal of Mary’s pregnancy out of wedlock. (1:17)-Jesus’ miraculous birth. (1:18-2:23)-The testimony by the forerunner (John the Baptist)

– Isaiah 40, Mal 3). (3)-Jesus’ purity from sin as He resists temptation (also in Luke… doesn’t turn rock into bread). (4:1-11)-Jesus’ authoritative teaching (put his authority at level of scripture

– Rabbi’s didn’t dare do that). (4:12-7:29)

  • Jesus’ miraculous works and signs. (8-9)
  • Jesus delegating authority to the twelve (can’t give authority unless you have it) (10:1-11:1)
34
Q

How does Matthew conclude his first major section?How does John the Baptist’s question for Jesus relate to the readers, and to the purpose of the book and this section?How does Jesus respond to John’s question?

A
  • Through the Baptist, he asks, “Are you the one?”
  • Urging Jesus to fulfill His Messianic role; he wants Jesus to assert himself as the Messiah

– Jews were expecting conqueror/king. Jesus hasn’t done anything political yet. -Isaiah 35

– compare to Matthew 11:4

– This is His way of telling John that He is fulfilling it, just not how the way the Jews anticipated. He is fulfilling the prophecy from Isaiah 35. Jesus quotes Isaiah 35 for John and us.

35
Q

In Matthew 11:7 to 27:66, do the Jews reject Jesus all at once? Explain.

A

No, it was not all at once. Pharisees claim that Jesus’ miracles come from demons; they believe He is the son of demons. The principle is: the leaders now, the followers later; only a matter of time. We are sheep: we are bound to follow leaders, no matter where they take us. [Be servants now. Leadership will come.]

36
Q

In Matthew 12, what is Jesus’ response to the Pharisees’ blasphemy of the Spirit? Why is this such a major turning point in the book?

A

The Pharisees said that Jesus’ miracles come from demons and Jesus pronounces judgment on this generation of Jews.

37
Q

What is the future now for this generation of Jews after Matthew 12?

A

The nation will reject Jesus and the Gospel will be available to Gentiles.

38
Q

From Matthew 16:21 to 20:34, what two consequences of the Jews’ rejection of Jesus does Matthew note?

A
  • Matthew records Jesus’ predictions of his fate
  • he will die at the hands of the Jews, but rise again
  • Jesus now focuses on the twelve to develop their faith and their understanding of the kingdom that is coming.
39
Q

In Matthew 21-26, how does the ultimate, national rejection of Jesus play itself out?

A

Jesus enters Jerusalem like a King, fulfilling the prophesy, but the Jews batter Him with questions (he answers them well), then Jesus describes what is left for Israel when He returns. The Messiah’s mission concludes with the details of his death and his resurrection.

40
Q

How does Matthew end? How is Jesus portrayed, and what is He doing?

A

Jesus gloriously overcomes death and Jesus sends his disciples to the end of the earth.

41
Q

What is the purpose of Mark?

A

To present Jesus as the divine servant of God and to encourage believers to follow Him now, no matter the cost.

42
Q

What three forces converge in Mark 1:1 to 8:30?

A
  • Record of Jesus’ authoritative words and deeds

- His followers’ failures to comprehend His works-The growing opposition of the Jewish leadership

43
Q

What is the three-part pattern of events in the second major section of Mark? What teaching of Jesus begins each part of the pattern? What are the second and third parts of the pattern in each of the three sub-parts?

A

Jesus’ prediction, reaction of the apostles, cost of following Christ (Mark 8-10)

44
Q

In Mark 8:31 to 10:52, what is Mark’s message to his readers?

A

All those who choose to follow Christ must make Jesus’ same total commitment.

45
Q

How does Jesus assert His authority in Mark 11-13 (two ways)?

A
  • He defeats the opposition’s arguments

- He predicts His return to rule

46
Q

How does the brief overview of Jesus’ passion in Mark 14-16, tie in with the themes already developed earlier in the gospel (two ways)?

A
  • The climax of the conflict between Jesus and Jewish religious establishment
  • Jesus going to the cross as an obedient servant
47
Q

What is the purpose of Luke?

A

To persuade all Gentiles to follow Christ by presenting the exact details of Christ’s life and His appeal for all people to follow Him.

48
Q

How does Luke begin his gospel?

A

Many details about Jesus’ birth and early life

49
Q

What two statements indicate Luke’s “balanced” treatment of Jesus in Luke 1-4?What is the resulting conclusion about Jesus from these chapters?What does later NT theology teach about Jesus from this?

A
  • Jesus is an ordinary human being (natural childbirth, circumcision, etc.)
  • Jesus is an extraordinary human being (conceived by H.S., prophecy, royal line, etc.)
  • Resulting conclusion
  • Jesus is human but very special
  • NT theology
  • declares Jesus is the God-Man
50
Q

In the second section of Luke, what is Jesus claiming by reading from Isaiah 61, recorded in Luke 4?How do the listeners respond?What is Jesus’ response to them?What are the implications for the readers of the gospel?

A
  • Jesus is claiming that He is The One
  • Jews resist Jesus’ claims
  • Jesus continues proving His power and authority
  • The good news is for everyone, not just the Jews
51
Q

Over what conditions or realities did Jesus show His authority in Luke 4-9 (seven)?

A

-Teaching with authority-demons-sickness-nature-chronic diseasethe Sabbath-death

52
Q

How does Luke’s purpose about Jesus shift from the first through the second to the third major section of the gospel?

A

Showing and proving that Jesus is God’s unique Son, validating Jesus’ authority, recording how Jesus’ claims are being received by the Jews

53
Q

Why is the parable of the Good Samaritan (Luke 10:25-37) significant to the purpose of the third major section (three reasons)?

A
  • Jesus teaches what neighborly is
  • help whom you can
  • Jesus also exalts two outcasts (Samaritan and the beaten guy) which is His central purpose
  • Jesus shows the reality of His mission
  • opposed to the Jewish religious establishment
54
Q

Through all of the teachings and parables in Luke 12-19, what two general truths is Luke communicating about living as a follower of Christ?

A
  • Take advantage of the present to prepare your place in God’s kingdom
  • Pattern your life after what God’s pattern is
55
Q

How does John’s beginning to his gospel present Jesus?

A

John presents Jesus as God’s Son, fully divine explaining God, and offering salvation to all who believe

56
Q

How is John’s introduction different from the ways that the synoptic gospels begin?

A

The introduction of John’s gospel also is theological. It is as if John says to the readers, “before you can understand Jesus’ teachings, you must understand that Jesus is fully man and fully God.”

57
Q

What two essential points is John making in the prologue (1:1-18)?

A

Jesus is God in human form (1:1) and Jesus makes God known (1:18).

58
Q

In John 1:19 to 12:50, what is it that John shows us about Jesus? What works/signs of Jesus serve as the events around which this section revolves?What do these works often illustrate in this section of John?

A

John shows us that Jesus is God’s Son and He reveals God’s glory and character through teachings and signs. Jesus changes water into wine, heals the official’s son, healing the invalid, feeding the multitude, walking on water, healing the man born blind, and raising Lazarus. These works illustrate God’s glory and power over all things.

59
Q

What is the response of the disciples to Jesus’ signs, seen in the miracle of the water turned to wine (John 2:1-11) and John’s comment about Jesus’ works in Jerusalem in John 2:23?

A

Jesus’ disciples believe Jesus and that people in Jerusalem believed in His name when they saw the sign that He was doing.

60
Q

What three people interact with Jesus in John 3-4?What does Jesus reveal about Himself and what it means to follow Him in these three conversations?

A
  • Nicodemus: One must be born again, through believing in Jesus (3:16), by the work of the Holy Spirit (3:5) to see God’s Kingdom.
  • Samaritan Woman:Come to Jesus for life. Worship God from the heart, in spirit and truth (4:23-24).
  • Royal official: Faith comes from hearing, not just seeing signs with your own eyes.
61
Q

What does it mean to worship God in spirit and in truth, from our class discussion?

A

To worship in the fullness of God by 1) heart attitude (in spirit) and by 2) in the act of physical worship.

62
Q

Why is the royal official’s example of faith important to us as Christians today (hint: remember that Jesus’ interaction with Thomas after the resurrection makes the same point)? How does the crowd respond to Jesus’ claims versus the Jewish leaders’ counterclaims in John 7?

A

The royal official’s faith comes from hearing, not just seeing sign with his own eyes. Important for Christians today because we believe in Him despite the fact we cannot see him. Our believe comes from the testimony of others and the purity of the Gospel. Some in the crowd come close to faith, others resist Jesus’ claims, sill others are divided or undecided

63
Q

What is the essence of Jesus’ final public words in John 12?

A

Time is running out

64
Q

What three comments about Jesus’ public ministry does John insert after Jesus withdraws from the public in John 12:37-43?

A

-The people did not believe even after so many signs-Why? Quoting Isaiah’s prediction, the people are blind-Even the lukewarm are rebuked

65
Q

To whom is John 13-17 addressed?What does John describe about Jesus’ ministry to the audience in 13-17?

A
  • To the Twelve disciples

- John describes Jesus’ care for and guidance of His followers and how they are to live in that light.

66
Q

What eight teachings is Jesus imparting to the 12 in John 13-17?

A
  • Jesus’ words and promises encourage them in a personal, special way
  • Serve one another. Foot washing
  • Jesus overcomes His betrayal and desertion
  • Jesus is the only way to God
  • The Holy Spirit will be their aid and helper
  • Abide in Me and love one another
  • I will be your protector and friend
  • Remain unified in God. In the “High Priestly” prayer, Jesus prays for unity at three levels
67
Q

What are the three phases of unity that Jesus prays for in John 17?

A
  • Between Jesus and the Father
  • Between Jesus, the Father, and the apostles
  • Between Jesus, the Father, and all believers for all time
68
Q

In the last major section of John, how does John conclude the gospel?

A

He describes the death and resurrection of Jesus

69
Q

In contrast to the Synoptic gospels, what two additional details from the passion narrative does John insert?

A
  • John commends Mary into John’s care

- The rehabilitation of the disciples so that His followers may become leaders of the flock of God

70
Q

In the final three scenes of John 20-21, what does Jesus teach the apostles?

A
  • Jesus gives them the authority to proclaim the gospel
  • Jesus urges them to believe without having to see Him in person any more, in the incident with Thomas
  • Jesus commands Peter to pastor God’s flock
71
Q

In the entire section of Luke 12-19, what does Luke record about those opposed to Jesus?What does that mean for Jesus?

A
  • The opposition has been solidified.

- Jesus’ fate is certain, He is going to Jerusalem to die and He knows it

72
Q

What did Luke show about Jesus’ prayer life in Luke?What are some of the possibilities to understand why Jesus prayed?

A

He prays for the joy of it, to set an example for the disciples, to draw physical and emotional strength

73
Q

What people receive the benefit of Jesus’ miracles and ministry in Luke?Why is that significant to the purpose of the book?

A
  • The marginalized in Jewish society

- Reaffirms Jesus’ universal appeal

New Testament (2 decks)

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