Exam 1

Question 1

International Relations

Answer 1

Relationships that exist between states and relationships between states and non-state actors

Question 2

Qualifications for being considered a state

Answer 2

have population that resides there, a government and recognized borders

Question 3

Anarchy

Answer 3

No world government (does not mean chaos)
o No supranational body governing IR
o States fend for themselves

Question 4

Two aspects of sovereignty

Answer 4

1) The right of countries to run their own affairs
- –Domestically carry out foreign relations with other countries
- –Countries cannot tell one another how to operate
2) States possess the legitimate use of force within their territories
- –Citizens regard government use of force as legitimate but violence used to advance one’s own objectives are illegitimate

Question 5

Treaty of Westphalia

Answer 5

Brought about the idea of sovereignty (Ended the 30 Years War)

Question 6

Dominate approach to IR and longest living theory

Answer 6

Reailsm

Question 7

Realism is a Theory of…

Answer 7

Power Politics
o Explain outcomes in terms of international politics
o Power can be represented in alliances, wars, arms races, violence, etc.

Question 8

New Theories of IR must define themselves in relation to

Answer 8

Realism

Question 9

According to Realism states are always involved in

Answer 9

competition for their own security (does not necessarily mean war or violence)

Question 10

Classical Realism

Answer 10

Human nature Realists
Why do states sometimes end up in conflict?
• Because of human beings: they are made up with people with a lust for power (that they can never overcome)

Question 11

Individual Level analysis of Realism

Answer 11

Classical

Question 12

Neo-Relalism

Answer 12

Agree that power is important and IR is a struggle for power
Why do some states end up in conflict?
• Need to look at how many great powers are present in the international system and how power is distributed among these great powers
• War and conflict more likely with more great powers

Question 13

Structural level analysis of realism

Answer 13

Neo

Question 14

Assumptions of Realism

Answer 14

1) Struggle for power: power is a relative term but if one country is gaining power another is losing
2) Pessimistic towards ending conflict
3) Security- Competition Equation
5) Emphasis on hard power
6) Immutability of IR (cannot be changed)

Question 15

Security- Competition Equation

Answer 15

Anarchy+ a need to survive+ uncertainty of intentions= security competition

Question 16

Who’s Who of Realism

Answer 16

Doers: Ottoman van Bismark, Henry Kissinger
Founders: (Classical) Hans Morganthau (Neo) Kenneth Waltz
Thinkers: Steve Walt (student of Waltz) prof at Harvard (world’s most important thinker)

Question 17

Assumptions of Liberalism

Answer 17

Same as realism

1) anarchy
2) states want to survive
3) security competition

BUT liberalists believe that states can change for the better

Question 18

Who’s who of liberalism

Answer 18

Doers: Woodrow Wilson
Founders: John Locke and Emanuel Kante
Thinkers: roger Keonane (prof @ Princeton)

Question 19

Institutional Liberalism

Answer 19

Institutions can make war less likely
There is a set of rules that states choose to abide by that prescribe certain behaviors

3rd image theory: structural level

Question 20

Democratic Peace Theory (operating within Liberalism)

Answer 20

No 2 democracies have gone to war with one another therefore democracy is a way towards peace

Question 21

Normative Logic of DPT

Answer 21

Leaders grow up in non-violent cultures and because of this learn non-violent conflict resolution. Can not trust leaders of non-democracies because they did not grow up in this culture.

Question 22

Institutional Logic of DPT

Answer 22

People within the country will hold leaders accountable for bad decisions (going to war is a bad decision)

Question 23

5 outcomes of DPT

Answer 23

1) public constrain: 2 similarly constrained countries will not fight each other
2) Group constrain: power of anti-war groups
3) Slow mobilization: have to persuade constituents
4) No surprise attacks: persuasion through the media
5) Fight to the death: do not want to fight long drawn out war

Question 24

Constructivism

Answer 24

Radical theory that believes the world can change for the better

Question 25

Constructivism emerged due to

Answer 25

The fall of the Soviet Union

Question 26

Constructivists view anarchy as

Answer 26

What the states make of it (does not have to lead to competition)

Question 27

_______________ believe that states interact the same way people do and how states interact determines the type of anarchy

Answer 27

Constructivists

Question 28

Two essential concepts of Constructivism

Answer 28

1) Identities: relatively stable, role specific understandings of the self
2) Ideas: way in which countries think about friends and enemies

Question 29

Hobbesian Anarchy (Constructivism)

Answer 29

• Anarchy of enemies
• States obsessed with power
• Every state considered a potential enemy
• Realist Anarchy

Question 30

Lockean Anarchy (Constructivism)

Answer 30

• Anarchy of Rivals
• states compete for power and competition can be dampened through institutions
• Liberalist Anarchy

Question 31

Kantian Anarchy (Constructivism)

Answer 31

• Anarchy of friends
• Possibility but we are not there
• Can get there through changing identities