Exam #1 Flashcards
5 Vertical Zones
- Coastal Plain [Caesarea, Joppa]
- Shephelah (Hebrew = Low) [Sorek Valley]
- Central Mountain Range [En Gedi]
- Syrian – African (Jordan) Rift
- Eastern Plateau [Mt Sodom]
Five Horizontal Zones
- Above (Upper) Galilee (wet / inaccessible)
- Beside (Lower) Galilee (Jesus’ home)
- Carmel and Jezreel (Baal)
- Negev (South / dry) – Below Dead Sea
- Desert (Wilderness ) – Peninsula
Four Seas
- Mediterranean Sea
- Sea of Galilee
- Dead Sea
- Red Sea
Three Continents
- Europe
- Asia
- Africa
Two Worlds
- Land of Honey
a. North
b. Less Space, More Water
c. Life is: predictable, noisy and congested, manageable
d. Focus on: extras, people as individuals
e. Nominal religion
f. Mix of Judaism and Hellenism - Land of Milk
a. South
b. More space, less water
c. Life is: unpredictable, silent, lonely, exhausting
d. Focus on: essentials, people in community
e. People are spiritual – center of Hebrew worship
Describe Alexander’s Empire
Ptolemy and Seleucus were dominate right before Jesus
Antiochus Eimanes (Seleucus) built god of Zeus in Holy of Holies and slaughtered pig as offering
Judas Maccabeus (Israel descent) revolt against Antiochus and rededicated the temple
Three Periods During Unsilenced Years (400 years between OT and NT)
- Maccabean Period (175-136)
a. Judas Maccabeus: The Hammerer
b. Rededication of the Temple (Hanukah)
c. Festival of Dedication (John 10:22-29) - Hasmonean Period (136-63)
a. Pharisees and Sadducees come into existence
b. Pompey and Rome - Roman Period (63-135AD)
a. Herod the Great
i. Not fully Jewish
ii. Puppet King
iii. Great Builder (Temple Mount)
b. Rome divides into three areas assigned to Herod’s sons
c. Power over all the Mediterranean region (NT)
d. Two Jewish Rebellions (67-70AD; 135 AD)
Four Functions of the Synagogue:
SSWC School Social Interraction Worship Court
Two Important Writings
- Septuagint: Hebrew scriptures into Greek
2. Apocrypha: 1st and 2nd Maccabees
Biblical Criticisms
- Higher: search for text’s original words (word studies, biblical interpretation)
- Lower: search source (circumstances, life setting, date, place, authorship)
- Historical: historically accurate
- Textual: which reading is most original, eyewitness
- Source: source used by author
- Form: genre
- Redaction: editing, passage placement
- Tradition: uses of earlier historical traditions in writing
- Composition: how author composed –theology, authors, purposes
- Social Scientific: analysis through lens of social sciences
- Canonical: what books were chosen and why chosen to be accepted as canon
- Narrative: shaped to influence reader
- Reader Response: relationship between text and reader
- Balance view: theological interpretation
The Perfect Storm
Three Fronts
“The time had fully come”
1. Roman (Roman power; Caesar; roads; protection while travelling)
2. Jewish (Pharisees, Sanhedrin, Sadducees)
3. Wind of God
*These 3 clashed causing the perfect storm
Rise of the Synagogue
- Synagogue = house of assembly
- Place of worship
- Prayer and Bible Study (no sacrifice)
- Came out of Persian exile
- Current w/ 2nd Temple in Jerusalem
- Only place to worship after 70AD
Alexander the Great
• Brought change in empires
• Tutored by Aristotle
• Great memory and mind
• Crowned Pharaoh
• Wanted to unify world
o Forced 10,000 Greek soldiers to marry Persian women.
• Brought Greek culture (roads, education, physical training, democracy) to world
World at the end of the OT
- Persia ruled
- Hebrew
- Semitic
- Fertile Crescent (center)
World at the end of NT
- Rome ruled
- Greek
- Hellenistic
- Mediterranean (center)
Foundations of Judaism
T-H-H-P-Z • Temple • Synagogue • Septuagint • Sanhedrin • High Priest • Scribes • Pharisees • Sadducees • Zealots • Herodians
Kerygma
“the message”/ “That which is preached”
• Pharisees name means
“separated ones”
Describe Pharisees
o Most influential and respected o Kept the laws of: purity ritualism fasting tithing o Came from Maccabean Revolt o Rewards for good works o Oral law was important o Christ condemned their: Righteousness by works Covetousness Pride o Josephus was a Pharisee
Name a Pharisee
Josephus
• Sadducees name =
“righteous”
Describe the Sadduees
o wealthy, privileged o not as popular as Pharisees o Did the temple worship and admin. (rituals) o Most seats in Sanhedrin 71 seats (Pharisees and Sadducees) to interpret civil and religious laws o Willing to incorporate Hellenism o Written law was important (rejected traditions) o Didn’t believe in after life o Existed in Maccabean period
• describe the Essenes
o Existed out of disgust for Sad’s and Phar’s
o Monks
o Lived near Dead Sea
Describe the Zealots
o Religious freedom fighters
o Started 6AD
o Focused on Tax Revolt
• Am ha-Aretz (people of the land)
o the commoners, those people who had no political power
o not a part of any particular religious group
o attempted to live according to the will of God
o most closely aligned with the views of the Pharisees
o despised because of their lack of knowledge regarding the law and their inattention to the Jewish traditions and scholars
Describe the Herodians
o mostly in Galilee
o Pro-Roman
o Tried to trick Jesus with Pharisees
• Samaritans
o Jewish roots that have been intertwined with pagan roots
o Rejected by Israelites for breaking the covenant
o Not recognized by the Jews or Gentiles
o Lived in Northern Kingdom of Israel
o Denied from being allowed to help in the rebuilding of the Temple
How many chapters in Matthew
28
How many chapters in Mark
16
Matthew calls Jesus…
Messiah, Teacher, King, Emmanuel
Mark calls Jesus…
Son of God, Servant of God
When was Matthew written?
80-100AD
When was Mark written?
55-70AD
What was Matthews profession
Tax Collector
What was Mark’s profession
Mark (John Mark): son of Mary of Jerusalem, cousin of Barnabas, son of Peter, servant of Paul and Barnabas, son of Peter
Matthew’s audience
Jews
Mark’s audience
Gentiles
Matthew’s place of writing
Syria, Antioch of Syria
Mark’s place of writing
Rome during period of persecution and suffering
Theme’s of Matthew’s Gospel
Jesus the fulfillment of God’s intention;
Jesus the Savior of Israel and the world;
Jesus the Supreme Authority;
Jesus the Teacher, Preacher and Healer;
the follower of Jesus and Church (new law)
Theme of Mark’s Gospel
- The Supernatural of Jesus, the Death and Resurrection of Jesus,
- the Ministry of Jesus as Servant,
- Be Silent!
Purpose of Matthew’s Gospel
Preserve what he knew about Jesus’ life and words, emphasizing the coming of Jesus as fulfilled by Scriptures of OT
Purpose of Mark’s Gospel
Recording a description of who Jesus was and the impact he had on those who came in contact with him, recognizing Jesus’ identity as the Son of God
Outline of Matthew’s Gospel
The Birth and Preparation of Jesus (1:1-4:16)
Jesus’ Public Ministry in Galilee (4:17-16:20)
Jesus’ Private Ministry in Galilee (16:21-18:35)
Jesus’ Ministry in Judea (19:1-25:46)
Jesus’ Passion and Resurrection (26:1-28:20)
Outline of Mark’s Gospel
The Gospel of Jesus Christ, Son of God (1:1-15)
Jesus Invades Wilderness and City with Good News (1:16-8:26)
Jesus Invades the Hostile City of Jerusalem (8:27-15:47)
Unfinished Epilogue (16:1-8)
Parables in Matthew
Lamp. Speck and Log New cloth on old garment Divided Kingdom The Sower Weeds among the wheat Mustard Seed Leaven Hidden Treasure Pearls of Great Price The Net The heart of Man The Lost Sheep The Unforgiving Servant Laborers in the Vineyard The Two Sons The Tenant Farmers Marriage Feast or Great Banquet The Budding Fig Tree The Faithful vs. The Wicked Servant The 10 Virgins The 10 Talents or Gold Coins
What was Jesus’ response to Satan in the wilderness?
- Man should not live on bread alone
- Don’t put God to the test
- Worship God and serve him only
Who does Jesus heal?
Man with leprosy;
Faith of Centurion;
many;
raises a dead girl (synagogue leader’s daughter) and heals a sick woman (bleeding woman),
blind and mute,
Beelzebul (blind and mute demon-possessed man);
faith of Canaanite Woman (demon-possessed daughter);
demon-possessed boy that disciples could not heal
Miracles of Jesus
Calms the storm;
two demon-possessed men > pigs;
forgives and heals a paralyzed man;
Jesus feeds 5,000 (5 bread/2 fish: 12 leftover);
Jesus walks on water;
Jesus feeds 4,000 (7 bread/few fish: 7 leftover);
2 blind men receive sight (Jericho)
What do the Pharisees question Jesus about?
Fasting;
Sabbath;
Temple Tax (Capernaum – 2 drachma);
Imperial Tax (denarius – Caesar)
Where was John beheaded?
Fortress of Machaerus)
Where did the Magi come from?
Jerusalem
Where did John preach?
Wilderness of Judea
What river does John baptize in?
Jordan river
When Jesus left Nazereth, where did He go?
Capernaum (area of Zebulun and Naphtali)
Where did Jesus call his first disciples?
Sea of Galilee
Who were the first disciples?
Peter and Andrew
Where does Peter declare Jesus as Messiah?
Caesearea Phillipi
Where does Jesus give Sermon on the Mount?
Galilee
What are some of the teaching in Sermon on Mt.
Salt and Light, Beatitudes, Worry, Prayer, Fasting, Treasures in Heaven, Giving
Where did we see the faith of the Centurion
Capernaum
Who was at the transfiguration?
Peter, James, JOhn, Jesus, Moses, Elijah
Where were the demon possessed men from? Pigs
Gadarenes
Last miracle in Jesus’ home town?
Paralyzed man, sins are forgiven
What does Beelzebul mean?
Prince of Demons
Where was the healing of the Canannites womans daughter?
Tyre and Sidon
Where was Jesus challenged about temple tax?
Capernaum
Where did Jesus teach the worth of children
Judea
Where did Jesus commission?
Galilee
Where does Jesus come from when going to Jerusalem?
Mt. of Olives, Bethpage
How much does Judas betray Jesus for?
30 pieces of silver
How many bread and fish in 5000?
5 bread, 2 fish; 12 left over
How many bread and fish in 4000?
7 and a few; 7 left over
When does Jesus walk on water?
After feeding 5000
What is Matthew’s other name?
Levi
Where is Jesus anointed?
Bethany; alabaster jar in Simon the lepers house
Religion in the NT
- Greco-Roman Pantheon
- Emperor Worship
- Mystery Religions
- Occult
- Philosophies
- Judaism
- Christianity
What parables are in Matthew but not Mark
10 virgins
Speck and the Log
Hidden treasure/pearl of great price
Master entrusting bags of gold
4 Source hypothesis
Mark is the first.
Q (quelle) influences Matthew and Luke.
Religions in the NT
GEM COP J
Greco-Roman Pantheon
Emperor Worship
Mystery Relig.
Christianity
Occult
Philosophies
Judaism
4 Main parables in Mark
Sower
Lamp on a stand
Growing seed
Mustard Seed
What does Synagogue mean?
House of assembly
