Exam 1

Question 1

objective

Answer 1

measurable, quantifiable

Question 2

subjective

Answer 2

rated, ranked, can’t be linked to a quantifiable degree or number

Question 3

criterion referenced

Answer 3

comparitive;

superior-good-bad-poor etc

Question 4

norm -referenced

Answer 4

scored against what is considered to be normal

Question 5

discrete measuremtns

Answer 5

pass or fail (no actual score)

Question 6

continuous measuremtns

Answer 6

infinite number of score (height or weight)

-dependent on accuracy of measuring tool

Question 7

formative eval

Answer 7

takes place during the event

Question 8

summative eval

Answer 8

takes place after the event

Question 9

all research..

Answer 9

determines a relationship or difference

Question 10

measuremtns are

Answer 10

true value +/- some error

X=T+E

Question 11

validity

Answer 11

how well a device measures what it is supposed to measure w/ some acceptable error

valid X = T+ acceptable error

Question 12

how can you know what is acceptable error?

Answer 12

increase in internal validity

more accurate - takes more time and more cost

Question 13

reliability

Answer 13

dependability , consistent, repeatable

reliable score = true score +/- consistent error

Question 14

reliability determined by

Answer 14

validity, repetition of measurement, stability of measured characteristics

Question 15

objectivity: subset of what? determined by what?

Answer 15

subset of reliability

determined by validity, clear directions, ability to understand instructions

Question 16

inter-rater reliability

Answer 16

between different judges

Question 17

maximize objectivity

Answer 17

select measures who are not biased
screening
clear directions
train the measurers
monitor scoring

Question 18

construct validity

Answer 18

evaluation made up of multiple factors to determine an ultimate idea

Question 19

threats to construct validity

Answer 19

hypothesis guessing (participants guessing the outcome)
bias
expectations of researcher

Question 20

criterion validity

Answer 20

requires criterion for comparison
measure of how well on variable or set of variables predicts outcome based on information from other variables

very precise standards need criterion validity

Question 21

calibration

Answer 21

action taken to improve the criterion validity of a device

must be exact

Question 22

content validity

Answer 22

simplest form, relies on logic and comparison

requires definition of measure

Question 23

Ecological Validity

Answer 23

methods, materials, and setter of a research experiment

similar to real life situation

Question 24

external validity

Answer 24

ability of the results to be generalize to other situations and groups

Question 25

threats to external validity

Answer 25

internal validity, placebo, participant understanding, test group, hawthorne effect, lighting, etc

Question 26

internal validity

Answer 26

extent to which a causal conclusion based on a study is warranted; minimizes error

Question 27

threats to internal validity

Answer 27

bias, subjects don't change, consistency test wise effect, sequencing, instrumentation, contamination

Question 28

central tendency

Answer 28

describe best of data, descriptive stats, mean;median;mode

Question 29

mean

Answer 29

average

Question 30

median

Answer 30

exact middle

Question 31

mode

Answer 31

occuring the most

Question 32

frequency distribution

Answer 32

table of every score

Question 33

measure of dispersion

Answer 33

standard deviation

Question 34

standard deviation

Answer 34

bell shaped curve, shows high, lows and average measure that is used to quantify the amount of variation or dispersion of a set of data values measures variability of scores/ shows amount of error ability to make predictions about population sample

Question 35

data set

Answer 35

population, sample, inferential stats

Question 36

t-test

Answer 36

determines if 2 set s of data are significantly different from each other p-value - probability of error

Question 37

independent vs paired

Answer 37

paired: pre test and post test independent: more than one measure that are independent of each other

Question 38

one tailed and two tailed

Answer 38

one tail: predicted value is higher or lower | two tailed: tests both groups against one another

Question 39

t-test limitations

Answer 39

one for similar populations, sample should have normal distribution, about same # of data points, data should be independent, date should be interval level or higher

Question 40

correlation test

Answer 40

pearson product moment correlations | measure of strength between 2 variables

Question 41

eval the correlation

Answer 41

R-value (-1 0 +1) stronger at the ends, weaker closer to zero

Question 42

R =

Answer 42

correlation coefficiatient

Question 43

R^2

Answer 43

coefficient of determination amount of variability in one variable value of 80% or higher is good

Question 44

Bland Altman Analysis

Answer 44

error analysis used in place of Pearson, use with large and diverse groups measure agreement between 2 methods of repeated measures

Question 45

test - retest

Answer 45

utilizes same measure, observer, instrument, location, time, conditions. test - rest - retest strong reliability time consuming

Question 46

Spearman correlation

Answer 46

ranked data one set is ranked, the other is not doesn't explain why or performance