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Tests and Measurements > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

objective

A

measurable, quantifiable

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2
Q

subjective

A

rated, ranked, can’t be linked to a quantifiable degree or number

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3
Q

criterion referenced

A

comparitive;

superior-good-bad-poor etc

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4
Q

norm -referenced

A

scored against what is considered to be normal

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5
Q

discrete measuremtns

A

pass or fail (no actual score)

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6
Q

continuous measuremtns

A

infinite number of score (height or weight)

-dependent on accuracy of measuring tool

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7
Q

formative eval

A

takes place during the event

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8
Q

summative eval

A

takes place after the event

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9
Q

all research..

A

determines a relationship or difference

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10
Q

measuremtns are

A

true value +/- some error

X=T+E

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11
Q

validity

A

how well a device measures what it is supposed to measure w/ some acceptable error

valid X = T+ acceptable error

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12
Q

how can you know what is acceptable error?

A

increase in internal validity

more accurate - takes more time and more cost

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13
Q

reliability

A

dependability , consistent, repeatable

reliable score = true score +/- consistent error

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14
Q

reliability determined by

A

validity, repetition of measurement, stability of measured characteristics

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15
Q

objectivity: subset of what? determined by what?

A

subset of reliability

determined by validity, clear directions, ability to understand instructions

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16
Q

inter-rater reliability

A

between different judges

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17
Q

maximize objectivity

A 
select measures who are not biased
screening
clear directions
train the measurers
monitor scoring
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18
Q

construct validity

A

evaluation made up of multiple factors to determine an ultimate idea

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19
Q

threats to construct validity

A

hypothesis guessing (participants guessing the outcome)
bias
expectations of researcher

20
Q

criterion validity

A

requires criterion for comparison
measure of how well on variable or set of variables predicts outcome based on information from other variables

very precise standards need criterion validity

21
Q

calibration

A

action taken to improve the criterion validity of a device

must be exact

22
Q

content validity

A

simplest form, relies on logic and comparison

requires definition of measure

23
Q

Ecological Validity

A

methods, materials, and setter of a research experiment

similar to real life situation

24
Q

external validity

A

ability of the results to be generalize to other situations and groups

25
Q

threats to external validity

A

internal validity, placebo, participant understanding, test group, hawthorne effect, lighting, etc

26
Q

internal validity

A

extent to which a causal conclusion based on a study is warranted; minimizes error

27
Q

threats to internal validity

A

bias, subjects don’t change, consistency

test wise effect, sequencing, instrumentation, contamination

28
Q

central tendency

A

describe best of data, descriptive stats, mean;median;mode

29
Q

mean

A

average

30
Q

median

A

exact middle

31
Q

mode

A

occuring the most

32
Q

frequency distribution

A

table of every score

33
Q

measure of dispersion

A

standard deviation

34
Q

standard deviation

A

bell shaped curve, shows high, lows and average

measure that is used to quantify the amount of variation or dispersion of a set of data values

measures variability of scores/ shows amount of error

ability to make predictions about population sample

35
Q

data set

A

population, sample, inferential stats

36
Q

t-test

A

determines if 2 set s of data are significantly different from each other

p-value - probability of error

37
Q

independent vs paired

A

paired: pre test and post test
independent: more than one measure that are independent of each other

38
Q

one tailed and two tailed

A

one tail: predicted value is higher or lower

two tailed: tests both groups against one another

39
Q

t-test limitations

A

one for similar populations, sample should have normal distribution, about same # of data points, data should be independent, date should be interval level or higher

40
Q

correlation test

A

pearson product moment correlations

measure of strength between 2 variables

41
Q

eval the correlation

A

R-value
(-1 0 +1)
stronger at the ends, weaker closer to zero

42
Q

R =

A

correlation coefficiatient

43
Q

R^2

A

coefficient of determination
amount of variability in one variable
value of 80% or higher is good

44
Q

Bland Altman Analysis

A

error analysis
used in place of Pearson, use with large and diverse groups

measure agreement between 2 methods of repeated measures

45
Q

test - retest

A

utilizes same measure, observer, instrument, location, time, conditions.
test - rest - retest
strong reliability
time consuming

46
Q

Spearman correlation

A

ranked data
one set is ranked, the other is not
doesn’t explain why or performance

Tests and Measurements (4 decks)

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