Exam 1 Flashcards
What are the 4 macromolecules?
Lipids, Carbohydrates, Proteins, Nucleic Acids
How many carbon atoms are in a monosaccharide?
5 or 6
What is an example of a monnosaccharide?
Glucose
What are three examples of diasacchrides?
Sucrose, Maltose, Lactose
What are 3 examples of polysaccharides?
Starch, Cellulose, Glycogen
Whare are the functions of carbohydrates? What carbs fit into each function?
Energy Storage: Glucose, Starch, Glycogen
Structure: Cellulose, Chitin, Glycosanglacans
Are lipids hydrophobic, or hydrophillic?
Hydrophobic
Lipids are made out of a ( ) head and ( ) fatty acid trails
Glycerol head, 3 fatty acid trails
Phospholipids have ( ) fatty acid trails and a ( ) goup
2 fatty acid trails, and a phosphate group
Amphipathic molecules have a ( ) head and a ( ) tail
polar head, nonpolar tail
Why are saturated fats so much worse than unsaturated fats when you look at their structure impacts in the body?
Saturated fats are completely hydrogenated, meaning there are as many hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon, this makes the structure of the fat very straight, and very easy to pack… the more fat you can pack in the least amount of space, this is why Saturated fats are solid at room temperature.
Unsaturated fats have a double carbon bond, making it impossible to fill with the most hydrogen molecules, therefore they do not stack as easily in containers and are liquid at room temperature. The same amount of unsaturated fat and saturated fats do not containt the same amount of fat, because of that double bond
Three examples of steroids
testosterone, estrogen, and cholesterole
LDL, what does it have to do with the body?
Low Density Lipoprotien; Gets into the cells, causes cholesterol to get into the blood stream and accumulate.. to then create more problems
HDL; effects in the body
High Density Lipoprtoein; takes cholesterole to the liver to be removed, this is the good kind of cholesterole our bodies need
( ) are the building blocks of protiens
Amino Acids
Amino Acids are composed of what 4 groups attached to a carbon atom?
H atom, NH3+, carboxyl group, R-Group
Amino Acids differ depending on their ( )
Side chains
A ( ) bond connects amino acids together
Peptide
A ( ) bond connects DNA base pairs
Hydrogen Bond
Primary Protein Stucture
String of pearls, a long chain
Secondary Protein structure
Folding in repeating patterns, alpha helix, or beta pleated sheets
Tertiary protein structure
Coiled up, folding gives complex 3D shape
Quaternary protien structure
Made up of two or more polypeptides
The five factors that promote protien strucutre stability
Hydrogen Bonds
Ionic Bonds and Polar Interactions
Hydrophobic effects
Van DerWals
Disulfide Briges
What are the functions of nucleic acids
Genetic information: storage, expression, tranmission
What is the monomer of a nucleic acid?
Nucleotides
What are the building blocks or nucleotides
Pentose, Sugar, Phosphate group, Nitrogen-containing group
