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Architecture History 232 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Renaissance

A

The cultural rebirth that occurred in Europe based on the rediscovery of the literature of Greece and Rome.

1400-1600 C.E

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2
Q

Single-Point Perspective

A

All lines focus on one point, vanishing point.

Example: The Last Supper by Leonardo

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3
Q

Duomo

A

Word used to describe an Italian Cathedral

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4
Q
A

Florence Cathedral Dome, 1418, Florence

Architect: Brunelleschi

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5
Q
A

Foundling Hospital, 1419, Florence

Architect: Brunelleschi

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6
Q
A

San Lorenzo, 1421, Florence

Architect: Brunelleschi

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7
Q
A

Facade of S. Maria Novella, 1460, Florence

Architect: Alberti

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8
Q
A

Sant’ Andrea, 1466, Mantua

Architect: Alberti

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9
Q

Central Plan Church

A

churches tended to be centralized; that is, it was symmetrical about a central point, as is a circle, a square, or a Greek cross

Example: S. Maria Degli Angeli, Brunelleschi

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10
Q

Greek Cross

A

A central plan church where each of the arms are of equal length

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11
Q

Giant order

A

columns extend through more than one story

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12
Q

Quions

A

an external angle of a wall or building

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13
Q

Broken Pediment

A

a pediment, over a doorway or window, that has its raking cornice split down the middle

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14
Q

Alberti’s definition of beauty

A

Beauty=perfection

“Beauty is at reason harmony of all the parts within a body so that nothing can be added, taken away, or altered but for the worse”

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15
Q
A

Tempietto, 1508, Rome

Architect: Bramante

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16
Q

Vasari on Michelangelo

A

Michelangelo believed that measure and proportion should be kept in one’s eyes.

“Eyeballing”

Not all about perfect circles and squares- breaking the rules

17
Q
A

Campidoglio, 1537, Capitaline Hill, Rome

Architect: Michelangelo

18
Q
A

New St. Peters, 1506-1666, Rome

Architects: Bramante, Raphael, Sangello, Michelangelo, della Porta, Maderno, Bernini

19
Q
A

Palazzo del Té, Mantua (1526

Architect: Giulio Romano “Joking Giulio”

20
Q

Who wrote the four books of architecture?

A

Palladio, 1570

21
Q

Mannerism

A

1520-1580 art and architecture that was playful - breaks the rules

22
Q
A

Villa Rotunda/Villa Capri, Vicenza, 1550

Achitect: Palladio

23
Q

Renaissance Man

A

Cultured man during the renaissance who is knowledgeable, educated and proficient in a wide range of fields

Eg. Bernini, architecture, sculpture, poet etc.

24
Q

How did Brunelleschi solve the Florence Cathedral Dome problem? (5)

A
  1. Double shell, inner shell and outer shell with space in between
  2. Has ribs on the outside
  3. Herring bone brick pattern
  4. Lantern on top that weighs it down and holds it all together
  5. Wooden chain that held everything together
25
Q

How is Alberti’s definition of beauty illustrated in his design of Sant’ Andrea (9)

A
  1. Central plan
  2. beauty with the square
  3. Fronted with a portico
  4. elevated off the ground by a podium
  5. freestanding building
  6. Vaulting is white (purest color)
  7. clerestory windows
  8. Interior has sculptures instead of paintings
  9. geometric rhythm on pavement
26
Q
A

Bramante’s design of St Peters, 1506

Concept of a greek cross plan, heavily structured, smooth semicircular form

27
Q
A

Michelangelo design for St Peters, 1546

Similar to Bramante plan but has thicker piers, defines the entrance with a portico, designs the dome, overall a more open, simplified, unified design

28
Q
A

Maderno’s design for St Peters, 1607

Basilica put infront of the church and adds an elongated nave. The dome isn’t as prominent as Michelangelo would have wanted.

29
Q

Discuss the development of St Peters over 1000 years and who favored central plan vs longitudinal plan

A
  1. Bramante,1506: Central plan, complex, piers too small, alter couldnt be seen
  2. Raphael, 1515: Central plan, Structural issues, more about the drawings (elevations etc)
  3. Sangallo 1539: Longitudinal plan, elaborated a different order, still a sense of central planning.
  4. Michelangelo 1546: central plan, refers back to Bramantes plan, makes piers thicker, adds a portico entrance, more open and simplified, introduces the giant order,designs the dome
  5. Della Porta 1573: central plan, designs the dome- makes the dome taller and similar to Florence Dome
  6. Maderno 1607: Longitudinal plan, wins competition to do the facade, puts basilica in front, elongated the nave, dome is not visable from the front.
30
Q

How did Michelagelo’s art and architecture break the proportional renissance rules

A

He didnt follow exact measurements, he eyeballed things. He manpulated scale to make things more pleasing to the eye or to represent something.

Eg. Pieta - sculpture of Mary holding Jesus, she looks huge compared to Jesus even though he is 30 years old then.

31
Q

Why is Giulio Romano called Joking Giulio

A

Because of his playfulness with architecture. He plays with classical designs.

Eg. Palazzo del Te: Manipulates beams, bigger keystones, broken pediments, mixed up textures

32
Q

How is Palladio’s architecture similar and different from early renissance architecture?

A

Similar: Use of circles and squares- proportional harmony, followed Alberti’s concepts of freestanding, portico, central plan,

Different: Theatrical especially in paintings and interiors. Eg. Villa Rotundra

33
Q

Why did Pope Sixtus V attempt to modernize Rome?

A
  1. Improve circulation through the streets for pilgrams. Major streets were designed to lead them past important church sites
  2. revived wood and silk industries - employment opportunities
  3. Stopped selling indulgences
34
Q

How does Baroque architecture differ from renissance architecture

A

Baroque: Ambiguity, variety, contrasts, overal effect, emotional response, ornate, dynamic, dramtic, asymmetry

Renissance: Clarity, uniformity, regularity, specific relationship of people, no emotional response, rationalism, natural, symmetry

35
Q

How did Baroque architecture reflect the churches mission during the counter reformation?

A

it was a response to the Protestant reformation, emotional response used to bring people back to the church, appeal to common people, all about drama and theatrical qualities- visually appealing

36
Q

Gesamtkunstwerk

A

Total work of art- embracing all forms of art

37
Q
A

Piazzo S. Pietro,1656, Rome

Architect: Bernini

38
Q
A

S. Andrea al Quirinale, Rome, 1658

Architect: Bernini

39
Q
A

S. Carlo alle Quatro Fontane, Rome, 1634

Architect: Borromini

Architecture History 232 (3 decks)

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