Exam 1 Flashcards
Renaissance
The cultural rebirth that occurred in Europe based on the rediscovery of the literature of Greece and Rome.
1400-1600 C.E
Single-Point Perspective
All lines focus on one point, vanishing point.
Example: The Last Supper by Leonardo
Duomo
Word used to describe an Italian Cathedral
Florence Cathedral Dome, 1418, Florence
Architect: Brunelleschi
Foundling Hospital, 1419, Florence
Architect: Brunelleschi
San Lorenzo, 1421, Florence
Architect: Brunelleschi
Facade of S. Maria Novella, 1460, Florence
Architect: Alberti
Sant’ Andrea, 1466, Mantua
Architect: Alberti
Central Plan Church
churches tended to be centralized; that is, it was symmetrical about a central point, as is a circle, a square, or a Greek cross
Example: S. Maria Degli Angeli, Brunelleschi
Greek Cross
A central plan church where each of the arms are of equal length
Giant order
columns extend through more than one story
Quions
an external angle of a wall or building
Broken Pediment
a pediment, over a doorway or window, that has its raking cornice split down the middle
Alberti’s definition of beauty
Beauty=perfection
“Beauty is at reason harmony of all the parts within a body so that nothing can be added, taken away, or altered but for the worse”
Tempietto, 1508, Rome
Architect: Bramante
Vasari on Michelangelo
Michelangelo believed that measure and proportion should be kept in one’s eyes.
“Eyeballing”
Not all about perfect circles and squares- breaking the rules
Campidoglio, 1537, Capitaline Hill, Rome
Architect: Michelangelo
New St. Peters, 1506-1666, Rome
Architects: Bramante, Raphael, Sangello, Michelangelo, della Porta, Maderno, Bernini
Palazzo del Té, Mantua (1526
Architect: Giulio Romano “Joking Giulio”
Who wrote the four books of architecture?
Palladio, 1570
Mannerism
1520-1580 art and architecture that was playful - breaks the rules
Villa Rotunda/Villa Capri, Vicenza, 1550
Achitect: Palladio
Renaissance Man
Cultured man during the renaissance who is knowledgeable, educated and proficient in a wide range of fields
Eg. Bernini, architecture, sculpture, poet etc.
How did Brunelleschi solve the Florence Cathedral Dome problem? (5)
- Double shell, inner shell and outer shell with space in between
- Has ribs on the outside
- Herring bone brick pattern
- Lantern on top that weighs it down and holds it all together
- Wooden chain that held everything together
How is Alberti’s definition of beauty illustrated in his design of Sant’ Andrea (9)
- Central plan
- beauty with the square
- Fronted with a portico
- elevated off the ground by a podium
- freestanding building
- Vaulting is white (purest color)
- clerestory windows
- Interior has sculptures instead of paintings
- geometric rhythm on pavement
Bramante’s design of St Peters, 1506
Concept of a greek cross plan, heavily structured, smooth semicircular form
Michelangelo design for St Peters, 1546
Similar to Bramante plan but has thicker piers, defines the entrance with a portico, designs the dome, overall a more open, simplified, unified design
Maderno’s design for St Peters, 1607
Basilica put infront of the church and adds an elongated nave. The dome isn’t as prominent as Michelangelo would have wanted.
Discuss the development of St Peters over 1000 years and who favored central plan vs longitudinal plan
- Bramante,1506: Central plan, complex, piers too small, alter couldnt be seen
- Raphael, 1515: Central plan, Structural issues, more about the drawings (elevations etc)
- Sangallo 1539: Longitudinal plan, elaborated a different order, still a sense of central planning.
- Michelangelo 1546: central plan, refers back to Bramantes plan, makes piers thicker, adds a portico entrance, more open and simplified, introduces the giant order,designs the dome
- Della Porta 1573: central plan, designs the dome- makes the dome taller and similar to Florence Dome
- Maderno 1607: Longitudinal plan, wins competition to do the facade, puts basilica in front, elongated the nave, dome is not visable from the front.
How did Michelagelo’s art and architecture break the proportional renissance rules
He didnt follow exact measurements, he eyeballed things. He manpulated scale to make things more pleasing to the eye or to represent something.
Eg. Pieta - sculpture of Mary holding Jesus, she looks huge compared to Jesus even though he is 30 years old then.
Why is Giulio Romano called Joking Giulio
Because of his playfulness with architecture. He plays with classical designs.
Eg. Palazzo del Te: Manipulates beams, bigger keystones, broken pediments, mixed up textures
How is Palladio’s architecture similar and different from early renissance architecture?
Similar: Use of circles and squares- proportional harmony, followed Alberti’s concepts of freestanding, portico, central plan,
Different: Theatrical especially in paintings and interiors. Eg. Villa Rotundra
Why did Pope Sixtus V attempt to modernize Rome?
- Improve circulation through the streets for pilgrams. Major streets were designed to lead them past important church sites
- revived wood and silk industries - employment opportunities
- Stopped selling indulgences
How does Baroque architecture differ from renissance architecture
Baroque: Ambiguity, variety, contrasts, overal effect, emotional response, ornate, dynamic, dramtic, asymmetry
Renissance: Clarity, uniformity, regularity, specific relationship of people, no emotional response, rationalism, natural, symmetry
How did Baroque architecture reflect the churches mission during the counter reformation?
it was a response to the Protestant reformation, emotional response used to bring people back to the church, appeal to common people, all about drama and theatrical qualities- visually appealing
Gesamtkunstwerk
Total work of art- embracing all forms of art
Piazzo S. Pietro,1656, Rome
Architect: Bernini
S. Andrea al Quirinale, Rome, 1658
Architect: Bernini
S. Carlo alle Quatro Fontane, Rome, 1634
Architect: Borromini
