Exam 1

Question 1

________ in the 1900’s began to evolve the discipline of Psychology by saying we should examine “real skills” as a base upon which to develop scientific psychology. (Not the father of I/O but a precursor!)

Answer 1

W.L. Bryan

Question 2

Name the founding 4 founding figures of I-O Psychology.

Answer 2

Walter Dill Scott, Frederick Taylor, Lillian Gilbreth, and Hugo Munsterberg.

Question 3

_______ was a founding figure who was a psychologist, who worked on advertising, selection and training, testing and placement, and furthering the field.

Answer 3

Walter Dill Scott

Question 4

______ was a founding father who was an engineer, who worked on time and motion studies, scientific management, and there was controversy over his methods at the time.

Answer 4

Frederick Taylor

Question 5

_____ was a founding father (or mother haha) who was a psychologist, married to Frank, 1st to see employees as human, worked on time management and had the first Industrial Psych PhD!

Answer 5

Lillian Gilbreth

Question 6

_______ was a founding father who was an applied psychologist, studied what makes a safe trolley car operator, and raved about the benefits of psychology.

Answer 6

Hugo Munsterberg

Question 7

____ & _____ were relevant during World War 1 (1917-1918) because of their Army Alpha and Beta Tests!

Answer 7

Yerkes & Scott

Question 8

Between the wars (19-19-1940), applied psychology emerged as a discipline! The 2 things relevant to this time period were ________ and _________.

Answer 8

James Cattell and Hawthorne Studies

Question 9

__________ founded the Psychological Corporation in 1921. Created the first mental test as well.

Answer 9

James Cattell

Question 10

Studies where researchers change the brightness in a factory to see how it changed workers’ productivity. Turned out no matter how they changed it, productivity increased. We now know it’s the effect of being or feeling like we’re being watched! Called _______

Answer 10

Hawthorne Effect

Question 11

During what era did Selection and Training Tests, Group Tests (Army General Classification Test), situational stress tests, and applying military methods to civillians occur!

Answer 11

World War II (1941-1945)

Question 12

In what era did the development of college and grad programs in I-O Psychology, the creation of APA Division 14 (in 1946), and sub-specialties popping up occur?

Answer 12

Toward Specialization (1946-1963)

Question 13

In what era does the government become the authority in I-O Psychology. Adding in laws like the Civil Rights Act, Uniform Employee Guidelines, Family and Medical Leave Act, Wand Americans with Disabilities Act?

Answer 13

“The Man” or Government Intervention (1964-1993)

Question 14

What age started in 1994 and we are currently in it now? There is a move from specialists to generalists, e-business and the virtual workplace emerges?

Answer 14

The Information Age (1994-present)

Question 15

What are some of the cross-cultural differences in work?

Answer 15

Word definitions and meanings, different values. (Amount of time people spend at work for example)

Question 16

What is the mandate of I-O Psychology?

Answer 16

To increase the fit between workforce and workplace.

Question 17

What other names have been used to describe the field of I-O?

Answer 17

Work Psych, Business Psych, Industrial Psych.

Question 18

_____ is the psychology of science applied to work, the worker, and the workplace.

Answer 18

I-O Psychology

Question 19

Areas within the field of psychology?

Answer 19

Selection and Placement. Training and development. Performance management Organizational Effectiveness Quality of Worklife Human Factors and Ergonomics

Question 20

What are the 5 steps of the empirical research process?

Answer 20

Statement of the problem Design of research study Measurement of variables Analysis of data Conclusions from research

Question 21

_______ Method starts with data and culminates in theory.

Answer 21

Inductive

Question 22

______ Method is where the researcher first forms a theory then tests a theory by collecting data.

Answer 22

Deductive

Question 23

____ Research Methods provide an original or principal source of data that bears on a particular research question.

Answer 23

Primary

Question 24

______ Research Methods look at existing info from studies that used primary methods.

Answer 24

Secondary

Question 25

What are the 4 types of primary research methods?

Answer 25

1) Lab Experiment 2) Quasi-Experiment (not randomly assigned) 3)Questionnaire/Survey 4)Observation

Question 26

Quantitative Variables

Answer 26

Inherently numerical (age, time)

Question 27

Qualitative/Categorical Variables

Answer 27

Not inherently numerical. (gender, major)

Question 28

Independent Variables

Answer 28

Manipulated or controlled by researcher.

Question 29

Dependent Variable

Answer 29

The object of researcher’s interest. What is affected by the Independent Variable.

Question 30

Predictor Variable

Answer 30

Variable used to predict or forecast a criterion variable.

Question 31

Criterion Variable

Answer 31

variable that is a primary object of a research study. Forecasted by predictor variable.

Question 32

Descriptive Statistics

Answer 32

Simply summarizes and lays out the data collected.

Question 33

Correlation Coefficient

Answer 33

reflects the degree of linear relationship between 2 variables. They tell us the nature of the relationship/the correlation!

Question 34

Scientist-Practioner Gap

Answer 34

Difference between scientific research findings on organizations and their management vs how organizations are actually managed. The line between doing research just to do it, and actually applying it.

Question 35

Mean, median, and mode are all examples of measures of _____.

Answer 35

Central Tendency

Question 36

Range and standard deviation are all measures of ______.

Answer 36

Variability.

Question 37

As x goes down, y goes down. As goes up, y goes up.

Answer 37

Positive Correlation

Question 38

As x goes up, y goes down. As x goes down, y goes up.

Answer 38

Negative Correlation

Question 39

What are the 5 Rights granted to participants in research?

Answer 39

Informed Consent Privacy of Information Confidentiality Protection from deception Debriefing

Question 41

Outliers pull the data to the positive side. Rightly skewed.

Answer 41

Positive Skew

Question 42

Outliers pull the data to the negative side. Leftly skewed.

Answer 42

Negative Skew.

Question 43

Evaluative standards used as reference points in making judgments.

Answer 43

Criteria

Question 44

Theoretical construct, abstract idea that can never actually be measured.

Answer 44

Conceptual Criteria

Question 45

Something that can be measured and serve as measures of conceptual criteria.

Answer 45

Actual Criteria

Question 46

Degree to which the actual criterion fails to overlap the conceptual criteria. (how lacking the actual criteria are in representing the conceptual criteria.)

Answer 46

Criterion Deficiency

Question 47

Degree to which the actual criteria and the conceptual criteria coincide.

Answer 47

Criterion Relevance

Question 48

The part of the actual criteria that is unrelated to the conceptual criteria. (extent to which the actual criteria measure something other than the conceptual criteria)

Answer 48

Criterion Contamination

Question 49

Technique used to determine all aspects of one’s work, including tasks performed and the human attributes needed to complete the work,

Answer 49

Job/Work Analysis

Question 50

Understanding the job by its frequent, important tasks

Answer 50

Task-Oriented Job Analysis

Question 51

What the worker does.

How the task if formed.

Their rating of it - high, medium, low.

Answer 51

Functional Job Analysis (FJA)

Question 52

Understanding the job by the human attributes needed to complete the job.

Answer 52

Worker-oriented Job Analysis

Question 53

Knowledge, Skills, Abilities, Other.

Answer 53

KSAO’s

Question 54

Sources of job information, how do we get the info?

Answer 54

Interviews, direct observation, and survey/inventory.

Question 55

Job performance criteria taken from records (factual) is _________. Criteria based on judgmental evaluations are ___________. Jobs with changing criteria are ______. Jobs with criteria that isn’t changing is _________.

Answer 55

Objective.

Subjective.

Dynamic.

Static.

Question 56

Production, Sales, Tenure/Turnover, Absenteeism, Accidents, Theft, Deviant Workplace Behavior, Emotional Labor, and Adaptive and Citizenship Behavior are __________.

Answer 56

Major Performance Criteria