Exam 1 Flashcards
successful performance of mental function, resulting in productive activities, fulfilling relationships, and the ability to adapt to change and cope with adversity
mental health
a clinical significant behavioral or psychological syndrome experienced by a person and marked by distress, disability, or the risk of suffering disability or loss of freedom
mental illness
fact or myth: mentally healthy people are always logical, rational, and in control
myth. even mentally healthy people have off days
is there a line that separates mental illness and mental health?
no, no obvious consistent line exists between mental illness and mental health. mental health is a continuum in which all behavior falls on a line between mental health and mental illness.
what are the three types of influences on mental health?
biological influences, psychological influences, and sociocultural influences
influences on mental health that come from the perinatal period, are anatomical, could include injuries to the brain
biological influences
influences on mental health that include self concept, developmental stages, relationships in childhood and adulthood, and traumatic events
psychological influences
influences on mental health that include drugs, home-environment, housing, school, religion, poverty, etc
sociocultural influences
what is the most accepted explanation for mental illness?
the diathesis stress model
what is the diathesis-stress model?
diathesis - biological predisposition
stress - environmental stress or trauma
says that there is a combination of genetic vulnerability and negative environmental stressors for everyone.
someone may always carry the trait for a mental illness, but never encounter the stressors in life that would cause that mental illness to come out
what is our number one priority when treating patients?
the patient’s safety
are people always incapacitated by their mental illnesses?
no, they may have a diagnosis but not be incapacitated by it. it may be no different than a physical illness in terms of the need for coping strategies
what are some problems with treating mental illness?
cost, stigma, revolving door treatment, lack of parity (equality with health care), limited access to services
why is stigma a major barrier to mental health treatment and recovery?
because the stigmatizing attitude toward individuals who are mentally ill has bad effects on the person who is being treated
what is a stigma?
a collection of negative attitudes, beliefs, thoughts, and behaviors that influence the individual and general public
what are some of the psychosocial processes that lead to stigmatization?
stereotyping, labeling, separating, and status loss or discrimination in a context of power imbalance, social isolation, and reduced opportunities.
what are the responsibilities of an RN with the treatment of a mental illness?
assessment of functioning, case management, medication design and management, medication administration and teaching, crisis intervention, supportive counseling
leader that takes control. ‘my way or the highway’ leader.
autocratic leader
leader who likes the group to reach a consensus. focuses on collaborative processes
democratic leader
hands-off leader. allows the group to reach a consensus with little input
laissez-faire leader
manifest communication
what is actually said; verbal communication
latent communication
emotional undercurrent of things being said. body language and tone
what are the phases of group development?
orientation, working, termination
what types of groups can a basic-level RN lead?
psychoeducational groups, medication-education groups, health education groups, symptom management groups, stress management groups, support and self help groups. As a RN leader, if someone wants to get some feelings off their chest you can let them, but you are not their to delve into their past
how do you deal with a monopolizing member of a group?
recognize what they have said, but redirect them back to the topic. remind them that other people need a chance to talk
what should you do with a demoralizing member of a group?
you may need to pull them out in the middle of the group and talk to them individually, and if that doesn’t work, they may need a different group or group therapy may not be for them
what should you do with the silent member of a group?
try to give them an opening where they can talk, but realize that they may not want to speak. some people benefit more by just listening to someone else talk.
a fundamental goal of psychiatric care is to strike a balance between…
the rights of the individual patient and the rights of society at large
is it okay to allow ethical guidelines to override laws?
no
personal beliefs about the worth of a given idea, attitude, custom, or object that set standards that influence behavior
values
study of philosophical beliefs about what is considered right or wrong in society
ethics
ethical questions arising in health care
bioethics
what four things do the professional nursing code of ethics include?
advocacy, responsibility, accountability, and confidentiality
what are the principles of bioethics?
beneficence, autonomy, justice, fidelity, veracity
beneficence
doing good for the patient
autonomy
respecting the rights of others to make their own decisions
justice
distributing care equally
fidelity
faithfulness, maintaining loyalty to the patient
veracity
maintaining truthfulness
where do the three sources of legal guidelines that set the limits of nursing come from?
statutory law, regulatory law, and common law
laws that come from nurses - Nurse Practice Act
statutory law
laws that come from cases that have occurred before
common law (judicial law)
laws that come from government agencies
regulatory law (administrative law)
legal guidelines for defining nursing practice and identifying the minimum acceptable nursing care
standards of care
where does the best known standards of care come from?
the american nurses association
what are the civil rights mental health laws
people with mental illness are guaranteed the same rights under federal/state laws as any other citizen
In most states, a patient can be admitted against their will for a period of how many hours?
72
can a person be made to stay involuntarily after they have been in a facility for longer than 72 hours?
yes, if there is an order from a judge. otherwise, we have to let them go
can a patient repeal if they are made to stay in a facility involuntarily?
yes, they have the right to get representation and appear before the judge
can people voluntarily admit themselves?
yes
what are due processes in civil commitment?
the courts have recognized involuntary commitment to mental hospital is “massive curtailment of liberty” requiring due process protection
when a patient is released from the hospital, but they still have to come back for some sort of treatment or make follow-up appointments
conditional release
when a patient is free to leave the facility and no further treatment is required
unconditional release
what are the rights of the patient?
right to treatment, right to refuse treatment, right to informed consent (based on right to self-determination), implied consent, rights regarding restraints and seclusions