Exam 1 Flashcards
What percentage of inpatients are malnourished upon arrival?
- 30-50%
Possible benefits of etoh consumption
- Moderate intake - Elevated HDL, lower serum lipoproteins
What is nutrient density labeling?
- Rating that gives proportion of nutrients in food eg. NuVal - Higher score = nutrient dense, healthier
Adiposity rebound in children
- Increase in body fat in preparation for pubertal growth spurt
What is the most popular supplement?
- Multivitamin
How much glucose (roughly) is needed to avoid ketone production?
- 50 g/day for brain consumption - 200 g/day is required from diet
Reasons to recommend supplements to patients
- Inflammation - Oxidative stress - Loss of organ reserve - Hypomethylation - Dysglycemia - Meds previously rx interfere with nutrient absorption
What is the most common source of mono-unsaturated fat?
- Olive oil
Where does majority of weight gain come from in babies 1-4?
- 40% of weight gain from fat. This is the main dietary energy source (40-50%) during infancy.
Hartnup dz. What is this a defect in? Presentation?
- Deficiency in transporter for typtophan. - Neurologic and skin manifestations.
Nutrients given to optimize wound healing
- Vit C, zinc
What is a cohort study?
- Observational study - Observe group of individuals from either historical perspective (retrospective) or start following them from now til X time fram (prospective)
Which FAs are essential?
- Omega 6 and Omega 3 polyunsaturated
Goal setting mnemonic for behavior modification program
- SMART - S: specific - M: measurable - A: attainable - R: relevant - T: timely/time-bound
Epinephrine’s effect on glucose state
- Increase glycogen breakdown - Increase gluconeogenesis from lactate and AAs - Increase mobilization of fat via activation of HSL
Biotin. Role, deficiency (and causes) and clinical characteristics, source
1.) B7: CO2 xfer rxns, carboxylation rxns 2.) a.) Causes = raw egg ingestion, IBD, achlohydria (absence or low HCl production/secretion in stomach), anticonvulsant drug therapy, sulfonamide therapy b.) Clinical = depression, hallucinations, myalgia, paresthesia, anorexia, nausea, alopecia, scaly dermatitis, hypo-/hyper-glycemia, impaired lipid metabolism c.) Yeast, liver, kidney, synthesized by microflora
Define constipation in peds population
- Delay or difficulty in passing stools for 2 or more weeks
Effect of angiotensin
- Vasoconstriction - Thirst and release of ADH (retention of water) - Na conservation at PCT - Aldosterone release from adrenals
What is the best anthropometric method for determining CVD risk?
- Waist to Hip ratio - At risk male >= 0.95 - At risk female >= 0.86
When should a baby/toddler/child drink cow’s milk? Why?
- Not until age 1 - Renal solute load is too high (renal failure, dehydration, GI bleed) - Not sufficient in vitamins, minerals, EFAs.
Which PUFAs are better – cis or trans?
- Cis
When is TPN recommended?
- GI tract out of commission
CHO counting for T1DM
- 15 g of CHO is 1 CHO serving/exchange - Each gram of CHO is 4 kcal - Therefore: 1 CHO serving = 60 kcal
You are a pediatrician and a mother comes into your office with a fresh baby at only at 4 days. She is concerned that the newborn may have lost weight. You assess and note that the baby has lost 5% of its birth weight. Is this normal?
- Yes, ~6% weight loss in first few days of life. Will regain by 7 to 10 days.