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Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The largest physical barrier to be defended are the mucous membranes. (t/f)

A

True

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2
Q

Commensal microbiota in the gut compete with pathogens for nutrients and attachment sites. (t/f)

A

True

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3
Q

Lysozyme, defensins, cathelicidins and histatins are all examples of which of the following?

A

Antimicrobial enzymes/peptides

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4
Q

Thick or impaired mucus flow predisposes an individual to which of the following?

A

Chronic infection

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5
Q

What cells of the immune system are prolific cytokine factories?

A

T helper cells

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6
Q

What cell acts as a liaison between the innate and adaptive immune systems?

A

Dendritic cell

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7
Q

Inflammation is an adaptive immune cell response. (t/f)

A

False

Innate immune cell response

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8
Q

Which of the following is NOT a function of antibodies?

A

Apoptosis

Natural Killer cells and Killer T cells do that

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9
Q

Which of the following ARE functions of antibodies?

A

Neutralization
Opsonization
Compliment activation

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10
Q

Which of the following is NOT a function of the complement system?

A 
Antigen presentation
(Macrophages, Dendritic cells and B cells do that)
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11
Q

What is the function of C3a and C5a?

A

Chemoattractant

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12
Q

What is the function of C5b?

A

Form Membrane Attack Complexes

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13
Q

What is the function of C3bBb?

A

Convertase (split more C3 and C5)

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14
Q

What is the most numerous white blood cell in the blood?

A

Neutrophil

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15
Q

What monosaccharide found on the surface of many pathogens can trigger the activation of complement?

A

Mannose

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16
Q

What professional phagocyte normally circulates in the blood?

A

Neutrophil

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17
Q

What professional phagocyte normally circulates in tissue?

A

Macrophage

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18
Q

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of a primed macrophage?

A

Major producer of TNF

Hyperactive Macrophage characteristic

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19
Q

What is up-regulated by an activated neutrophil and binds to endothelial ICAM allowing the neutrophil to stop?

A

Integrin

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20
Q

What is expressed by endothelial cells and binds to selectin ligand?

A

Selectin

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21
Q

What is expressed on the surface of neutrophils?

A

Selectin ligand

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22
Q

Natural killer cells kill by what mechanism?

A

Apoptosis

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23
Q

NK cells bind what antibodies to allow it to kill via antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity?

24
Q

What is the most Abundant antibody class in the human body?

25
What antibody is released in response to allergiEs?
IgE
26
What is the first and largest antibody produced following antigen recognition?
IgM
27
All B cell receptors (tethered antibodies) on any given B cell are identical. (t/f)
True
28
Besides a B cell receptor on a B cell, name another type of receptor that would likely be present.
Compliment receptor
29
Mast cells binding which of the following, will cause mast cells to degranulatE?
IgE
30
In consideration of the heavy chain modular design, which gene segment has the MOST variations ( ~ 40) to choose from?
V
31
In consideration of the heavy chain modular design, which gene segment has the LEAST variations ( ~ 6) to choose from?
J
32
What is expressed on an NK cell that binds to a Fas protein on the invader, triggering apoptosis?
Fas ligand
33
What is the function of Perforin?
Pokes a hole in the membrane, injects enzymes which trigger apoptosis.
34
In a B cell receptor, what is the function of Igα and Igβ?
Sends an activation signal to the nucleus.
35
In an antibody, what is the function of the paratope?
Bind to the epitope, part of the antigen.
36
Almost all cells in the body express MHC I. (t/f)
True
37
What 3 types of Antigen Presenting Cells (APCs) express MHC II?
Activated Dendritic Cells Activated Macrophages Activated B Cells
38
The helper T cell co-stimulates the B cell by expressing which of the following?
CD40 ligand
39
After a B cell has found its cognate antigen and proliferates, most of these proliferating B cells become which of the following?
Plasma cells (antibody factories)
40
Which of the following is true concerning IgA?
Unable to fix complement. Found in mother’s breast milk. Can coat pathogen and prevent mucosal attachment.
41
What is the result of B cell activation without T cell help?
Can only produce IgM.
42
Which antibody can confer passive immunity from the mother to the fetus and crosses the placenta?
IgG
43
What is the most abundant antibody in the blood?
IgG
44
What normally prevents endogenous peptides from loading onto MHC II?
Invariant chain
45
All antigen presenting cells express B7 co-stimulatory proteins. (t/f)
True
46
What is the function of MHC I?
Displays endogenous peptides
47
What is the function of MHC II?
Displays exogenous peptides
48
Which MHC on average can display longer peptides?
MHC II = 13-25 AA | MHC I = 8-11 AA
49
B7 displayed on macrophages can act as a co-stimulatory molecule to the antigen presenting MHC. What receptor on the B cell binds B7?
CD28
50
Toll-like receptors are best described as which of the following?
Pattern Recognition Receptors
51
What antigen presenting cell, phagocytizes antigen at the battle site, displays it on MHC II and travels back to a lymph node to activate T cells?
Activated Dendritic Cells
52
What is the major antigen presenting function of activated macrophages?
To re-stimulate T cells at the lymph node.
53
What is the major antigen presenting function of activated B cells?
To concentrate antigen.
54
What antibody is the major mucosAl antibody, can bind to pathogens in the gut and prevent attachment (neutralization) to mucosAl cells?
IgA
55
What substance is released from degranulating mast cells and is associated with anaplylactic shock systemically?
Histamine

Immunology (2 decks)

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