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NuFS 144 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

3 differences between herbivores and carnivores

A
  • Teeth/Jaw shape
  • Multiple stomachs in herbivores to digest plants
  • Speed/strength in carnivores to hunt down prey
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2
Q

List 3 ways that food shaped prehistoric society

A
  • Limited the carrying capacity of a tribe
  • Had to work together, assign gender roles (hunter/gatherers) and make trade agreements
  • One tribe has access to more desirable foods so bartering is conducted
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3
Q

Why couldn’t women be hunters?

A

It wasn’t consistent with their role in child bearing

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4
Q

5 Skills needing for hunting

A
  • Eyesight
  • Accuracy
  • Speed
  • Sense of distance
  • Strength
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5
Q

3 developments from hunting

A
  • Social groups, hunting together
  • Tools: Needed hunting weapons and gathering materials
  • Benefits of freezing and aging meat
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6
Q

3 Skills needed for gathering

A
  • Patience
  • Memory for placement (which are poisonous)
  • Good vision
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7
Q

What was fire used for first and secondly?

A

First: Defense/Protection
Second: Cooking

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8
Q

What were the first cooking vessels made out of?

A

Animal stomachs

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9
Q

What physical change came about after cooking vessels were made?

A

Our dental morphology became weaker because we didn’t need to chew food as thoroughly

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10
Q

What was the Neolithic revolution?

A

When the first farmers emerged, happened in multiple tribes simultaneously

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11
Q

What 3 changes did the rise of farming lead to?

A
  • Rise in cities because more food availability increased carrying capacity
  • Specialized roles/ more technology and services
  • Societal structure since some jobs were more sought after and those people given higher status
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12
Q

What was the downside to the agricultural revolution?

A

Worse health from population density causing people and animals to spread new and more diseases around much more rapidly

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13
Q

What is the flavor principle?

A

Each culture has its own unique flavor based on the spices and products that grow there

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14
Q

What is acculturation of food habits?

A

When you move to a new country and some of your food habits change immediately, but the ones tied to your ethnic identity are the last to change

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15
Q

What is a dietary domain?

A

Describes the total food habits that an individual possesses

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16
Q

What factors influence food choice?

A

Health value, taste, cost, religion, availability, etc.

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17
Q

What is the purpose of etiquette and what does it include?

A

It makes us feel safer about cooking since preparation is inherently violent. Includes silverware, seating placement, responsibilities of the host, meal conversation, etc.

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18
Q

What are 4 events in preparation of eating?

A
  • Hand washing
  • Prayer
  • Ritual offerings
  • Serving of the food
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19
Q

How and by whom were table cloths first used?

A

By the romans to symbolize unity and status (through differently colored table cloths)

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20
Q

Why is a white table cloth the highest status?

A

Because its the hardest to keep clean so it shows more effort was put in

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21
Q

How are holiday meals celebrated?

A

With decorative silverware and cups and religious symbols

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22
Q

What were the first two silverwares used?

A

Hands, then chopsticks 5000 years ago

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23
Q

How did prehistoric knives differ from modern knives?

A

Originally only men were allowed to use them, the were sharp on both sides, and the were also used to deliver food to the mouth

24
Q

What are two examples of different eating styles in different countries?

A

In the phillipines they use the fork to push spoon onto the spoon. British people stab their peas instead of scooping

25
Q

What were the first plates and when were they used?

A

Large slabs of bread, and eventually wood, used in the middle ages

26
Q

How many napkins did the ancient romans have?

A

THREE: One around your neck, one in your nap, and one for leftovers

27
Q

How has the role of pets changed in modern times?

A

Pets used to be allowed to join around the table and eat food off of the floor to clean up and now they can’t be near the food

28
Q

What is the main festival of hinduism?

A

Diwali, the festival of light

29
Q

What is the goal of buddhism and how do their practices restrict their diet? Who started it?

A

To reach nirvana. And they are forbidden to take life so they are restricted on some meats. Sidartha started it.

30
Q

How does jainism differ from buddhism?

A

Jainism says all THINGS are equal, buddhism says all PEOPLE are equal

31
Q

What do Sikh festivals celebrate?

A

Gurus and Martyrs (Vaishakhi)

32
Q

What is a sikh temple called and what are 2 restrictions?

A

Temple is called a gurdwara

  • No alcohol or tobacco
  • Only kosher or halal meat, mostly vegetarian
33
Q

What is the Jewish Bible called?

A

Torah

34
Q

What does Kosher mean?

A

“Fit” or “Clean”

35
Q

What types of animals are jewish people permitted to eat?What are 3 examples?

A

Animals with cloven hooves that chew the cud

-Cows, Goats, Sheep

36
Q

What are 4 restrictions of a jewish diet?

A
  • No birds with gizzard, crop, or extra talon
  • No fish with fins and scales
  • No reptiles or amphibians
  • No meat/milk in the same day
37
Q

When is the jewish sabbath?

A

Sundown Friday to Sundown Saturday

38
Q

What is the most important jewish holiday and how is it celebrated?

A

Rosh Hashanah: Religious new year, People eat challah bread and sweet foods but no sour/bitter foods

39
Q

What is Yom Kippur?

A

The jewish day of atonement when people fast all day but have one light meal at the end

40
Q

What is unique about the christian faith in terms of dietary rules?

A

There are really no dietary rules unless your eastern orthodox.

41
Q

What days to eastern orthodox christians fast during lent?

A

Wednesday and Friday, this helps eastern orthodox distance themselves from roman catholics

42
Q

What is the catholic host made of?

A

Bread without yeast, because thats a jewish tradition, but eastern orthodox christians use yeast to celebrate jesus rising from the dead

43
Q

When is the sabbath for Seventh-Day-Adventists? What to they believe in?

A

Saturday, since its the seventh day. And they believe in taking good care of your body and keeping good health. by eating right foods and exercising. Most are lacto-ovo vegetarians

44
Q

What is the islamic bible?

A

Quran/Koran

45
Q

What 3 things are discouraged by islam?

A
  • Eating with the left hand
  • Self-indulgence
  • Non-halal foods
46
Q

What is the difference between halal and kosher?

A

Kosher lists what to eat, and halal lists what not to eat

47
Q

What is Haram?

A

Forbidden food: Pigs or four footed animals that catch food with their mouths

48
Q

What is Ramadan?

A

Celebrates when god revealed himself, no food from sun-up to sundown. A re-evaluation of one’s life

49
Q

What celebrates the end of Ramadan?

A

Eid-al-Fitr

50
Q

What is the basis of “Food Balancing Beliefs”?

A

Different foods get different classifications, illness is caused when equilibrium is disrupted

51
Q

What are the two ancient systems of food-balancing?

A

China: Yin/Yang
Greece: Hot/Cold

52
Q

Describe Yin foods

A

Raw, soothing, cooked at low temperatures, white or light green in color. Low in salt, grown above soil.
-Cabbage, cucumber, tofu, lettuce, etc.

53
Q

What are problems of eating excess Yin foods? How do you correct them?

A

Problems with internal organs, weight loss, colds, aging, female problems (pregnancy). Eat more Yang foods

54
Q

Describe Yang Foods

A

High calorie foods, cooked at high temp., spicy, red-orange-yellow in color, grow below the soil, high in salt
-Chicken, soups, root vegetables, red meat (no fish), wine, dessert

55
Q

What are problems of eating excess Yang foods? How do you correct them?

A

Aging, anger, male problems, external body issues, skin problems. Eat more Yin foods

NuFS 144 (3 decks)

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