Exam 1 Flashcards
Blues Notes
From African music
“Play in the crack”
Not on the major scale
Flat 3, 5, and 7 notes
Players Art
Jazz is improvised, it depends on the player. Never the same
Dissonance
Hear the note in the middle
Hear in quarter tones
Quarter Tones
Quarter step
In between half step
Not on piano
Syncopation
Playing the unexpected
Emphasis on unexpected notes
Vibrato
Tremor
Manipulating of pitch
Shaking
Form
Play book
Way parts are played
Iambic pentameter
Way blues is written
Breaks/Fills
In blues
Instrumental answer
Bars 4, 8 and 12
Collective/Simultaneous Imrov
Multiple instruments improv at once
Dixieland music
Arrangements
Gameplan
Not everyone improvises in big bands
Dixieland Music
Recorded 1st Jazz record
Improv in a polyphonic manner
Functional Music
How jazz started out
Made for choreographed dancing
Experimental/Chamber Music
Not improvised
More of an art form
“Cool jazz”
Sound innovators
No two jazz musicians sound the same
Monophonic
One sound at a time
Polyphonic
Two or more sounds at the same time of equal importance
Homophonic
Music built in harmony
Tunnel listening
Listening to one specific sound
Free Jazz
Polyphonic music
Pure experimentation
Original Rhythm Sessions
Originated in marching bands
Made up of:
Banjo, drums, tuba
Contemporary Rhythm session
Piano, bass, guitar, drums
Snare drum sounds
Typical marching drum
Bass
Lowest sound
Kick drum
Tom-toms
Tympanic sound
High hat
“Chick” sound symbols
Arco Bass style
Play with bow
Pinsacatto Bass style
Played with fingers
Walking Bass
Play note on every beat ascending and descending notes
Piano comping
Chords played in a syncopated improvised way
First instrument
Human voice
Origin of New Orleans
By French in 1718
When was the “Great Awakening”?
Early 1800’s
Religious movement
Converted slaves to Christianity
Gospels and hymns
When was Congo Square?
1819
When was Mardi Gras?
1827
When was the Civil War?
1861-1865
When was the Segregation Act?
1894
What are Race Records?
Early blues recordings
What is the Chorus in a Blues song?
Instrumental only
What is a Verse in a Blues song?
When someone sings
How is Blues written?
Iambic pentameter
Two repeated lines
One “answer”
What is Country Blues?
When there is a guitar
What is City Blues?
When a woman sings
Big Bill Broomzy, Lightning Hopkins, Blind Lemon Jefferson, Josh White, Led Belly
Country/Rural Blues Singers
Ma Rainey, Bessie Smith
Uran/City Blues
Was Billie Holiday a Jazz Singer?
Yes. She was not a blues singer
Who is Robert Johnson?
“King of the Blues”
Who is W.C. Handy?
Push listed illiterate artists’ blues songs, made sure they got payed
“Father of the Blues”
What two countries is jazz a combination of?
Africa and Europe
What are Creoles of color?
Black children born of a white father. Sent to England for schooling. Became first jazz instructors.
Who are the Fisk University Singers?
First gospel touring group
Who is Majehlia Jackson?
Gospel Singer
What started in Benevolent Societies?
Parades
Done for funerals
Who was the main arranger of parades?
Buddy Bolden
What is in the front line of a parade?
Horns: trumpet, trombone, clarinet
What is in the second line of parades?
People that fall behind the band and celebrate the persons life
What is Mardi Gras?
Starts the day before lent and continues until Ash Wednesday
Religious Holiday
