exam 1

Question 1

mineral (5 properties)

Answer 1

1. naturally occuring
2. generally inorganic
3. solid
4. consistant chemical composition
5. crystalline structure

Question 2

luster

Answer 2

the appearance of a mineral in reflected light

Question 3

metallic luster

Answer 3

looks like metal when reflecting light like steel, gold, or chrome

Question 4

nonmetallic luster

Answer 4

when a mineral does not look metallic but could be glassy, oily, pearly, or waxy

Question 5

color

Answer 5

the first characteristic observed. generally unreliable. ex. quartz can be many color depending on the amount of chemical impurities the mineral contains

Question 6

hardness

Answer 6

the minerals resistance to being scratched. determined by comparing the hardness of the mineral to that of a known substance

Question 7

Mohs scale of hardness

Answer 7

1. talk
2. diamond
3. 5 fingernail
4. 5 penny
5. 5 nail or glass

Question 8

cleavage

Answer 8

when a mineral breaks along a smooth flat surface

Question 9

habit

Answer 9

surface along which the mineral grows. tends to have regular polygonal shapes such as cubes, prisms or hexagons

Question 10

fracture

Answer 10

any mineral break that is not considered cleavage. an irregular or bumpy surface

Question 11

streak

Answer 11

the color of a mineral when finely powdered. usually constant (even though the color is not)

Question 12

density

Answer 12

the weight or mass of a material per unit volume. grams per cubic centimeter. water at 4 degrees Celsius is the standard comparison. quartz = medium

Question 13

youngest seafloor relative to the mid atlantic ridge

Answer 13

closest to the ridge

Question 14

oldest seafloor relative to the mid atlantic ridge

Answer 14

closest to land

Question 15

Igneous rocks

Answer 15

solidify from hot magma (granite, basalt, obsidian)

Question 16

sedimentary rocks

Answer 16

formed from erosion products or grains of preexisting rocks or from fossil remains of plants and animals (sandstone, shale, limestone, bituminous coal)

Question 17

metamorphic rocks

Answer 17

produced by the alteration of other rocks when exposed to extremely high temperatures and pressures (slate, marble, gneiss)

Question 18

crystalline texture

Answer 18

composed of interlocking crystal faces

Question 19

monomineralic

Answer 19

crystals appear different shades of the same color

Question 20

polymineralic

Answer 20

numerous colors inherit different minerals

Question 21

clastic texture

Answer 21

pieces held together by a mineral acting as cement or glue

Question 22

foliated texture

Answer 22

the minerals are aligned in a preferred orientation, giving the rock a striped or banded appearance

Question 23

Rate

Answer 23

Distance/time

Question 24

Quickest cooling

Answer 24

Fine crystals

Question 25

Slowest cooling

Answer 25

Big crystals