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CSO > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

0
Q

Opinion

A

Viewpoint, subjective

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1
Q

Fact

A

Verifiable, objective

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2
Q

Norms

A

Way people act

Norms may become laws

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3
Q

Policy

A 
Definite 
Course of action
Choice
Set of conditions 
Desired outcomes-present & future actions
Bridge between custom & law
Formal acknowledgement of a custom
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4
Q

Law

A

Enforceable
Binding
Rule of conduct (formal or informal)
Controlling & recognized authority

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5
Q

Early aviators and today’s space flight participants have what in common?

A

They both were in a developing field and adventurous natures and they are wealth.

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6
Q

Law and policy are synonymous T or F

A

False

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7
Q

Policy considerations do/do not have a role in driving the law in new directions.

A

Do

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8
Q

War is/is not a true zero sum game because it is hard to define the_________________.

A

Is not

The winner and loser; losses and gains

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9
Q

The Air Commerce Act of 1926 provided for a _______________ who would establish rules to govern all aircraft operating in the US and that aircraft owned by U.S. Citizens ______________ before operation from one state in common carrier service or in connection with any business.

A

Secretary of commerce

Must be registered

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10
Q

The Aeronautics Branch consolidated into a Bureau of Commerce under a Director of Air Commerce in ____________.

A

1934

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11
Q

Models are _______________ or construct that we use to understand our past experiences and behavior and history. The best models are simple.

A

Abstracts or a theory

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12
Q

DARPA

A

Is a DOD agency that is responsible for a great deal of innovation, particularly in survalence

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13
Q

Outer Space activities implicate national security because of the dual nature of the ______________ used for the _____________ systems.

A

Technology

ICBM

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14
Q

Define Policy

A

Definite method or course of action selected from among options to guide and determine past and future outcomes

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15
Q

The Civil Aeronautics Act of 1938 was primarily enacted in response to___________________.

A

Air Mail

Safety

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16
Q

The days of the barnstormers are held up as an example of the benefits of loose ____________ because of the innovations that resulted.

A

Regulations

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17
Q

Innovation

A

Refers to a new use of an invention or process

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18
Q

Zero sum game

A

Used in game theory/war to describes the situations when the losses and gains are equal

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19
Q

Aviation played a major role in….

A

WW 2

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20
Q

MAD

A

Mutually assured destruction
Has its roots in the 1950s Us doctrine of massive retaliation
Based upon the rationale that both sides would lose or they can equally destroy each other if they attack and undesirable outcome
Ended of Cold War marked the demise of MAD
Central theme of US defense planning in the 1950s &1960s

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21
Q

Patent system

A

Example of how government can protect innovation

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22
Q

Eileen Galloway

A

She advised President Johnson
Helped write the NASA act
She is the grandmother of space law

23
Q

We study game theory because

A

It can suggest ways to modify behavior to influence outcomes

24
Q

Consensus

A

That an agreement has been reached or no expressed objections. It can be cumbersome but is considered beneficial in diplomatic circles because it avoids disagreements and helps everyone agree and commitment.

25
Q

What is the strategic benefit that arose from the USSR launching Sputnik 1 before the U.S.?

A

Overflight

26
Q

What makes a good policy?

A 
Winnable 
Real
Immediate
Specific
Tangible
27
Q

Proactive

A

Try to prevent action

28
Q

Reactive

A

React

29
Q

Policy and law are…..

A

Not the same

30
Q

Invention

A

Creation of a product for the first time

31
Q

Innovation

A

Social utility

Put that product into use in a different way

32
Q

DARPA also did…

A

Directed energy weapons
It/computing
Sensor/survalience

33
Q

1941

A

NACA created

34
Q

Chicago convention

A

1944 (rules of aviation) power over airspace

35
Q

Prevention

A

Make something not happen at all

36
Q

Preemption

A

Before threat

37
Q

Four characteristics of space law according to Galloway

A

National
International
Applies to area
Applies to functions performed in that area

38
Q

Layer one: Public International Law

A

Treaties and conventions
5 space treaties
General Principles of Law
Writings of scholars

39
Q

National Advisory Committeefor Aeronautics

A

Created in 1915 to conduct fundamental scientific research in aeronautics

40
Q

Air commerce act of 1926

A

All aircraft owned by US citizens must be registered before operating from one state to another in common carrier service or business. Aircraft could not operate unless they were properly certified and operated by a duly certified airman. Secretary of Commerce was authorized to establish air traffic rules and light civilian airways

41
Q

Aeronautics branch was consolidated into the bureau of air commerce under a director of air commerce in….

A

1934

42
Q

The civil aeronautics act

A

August 12, 1938

43
Q

NASA act of 1958

A

Created a new agency devoted to peaceful purposes for space, split space activities with the DOD, provided for coordination of all govt agencies with space, created Space Council, adopted international cooperation for peaceful purposes.

44
Q

International Geophysical Year

A

Allowed scientists around the world to take part in a series of coordinated observations of various geophysical phenomena
46 countries
1957-1958

45
Q

AD Hoc Committee

A

Chair: Mr. Matsushima

Committees of the whole: legal and technological

46
Q

Layer 2: National Legislation applicable to Space

A

US Commercial Space Law Amendments Act of 2004

47
Q

Layer 4: Multi-cooperative efforts

A

ISS
sea launch
Public private partnerships

48
Q

Phase 1 of developing space law

A

Developed concepts from 1910-1957

49
Q

Phase 2 of developing space law

A

Establish basic principles from 1957-1966

50
Q

Phase 3 of developing space law

A

Developing rules and regulations to manage expanding space flight activities since 1957

51
Q

Phase 4 of developing space law

A

Developing rules and regulation for et human settlements and activities

52
Q

Layer 1 in detail

A

COPUS (Committee for the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space) was the first UN committee to adopt a consensus methodology
Committee discusses issue until settled without putting it to a vote. Legal subcommittees science and technical subcommittee, Office of outer space affairs OOSA
Get people talking
Equal say
Diluted language and issues
Down to common denominator
International Telecommunications Union ITU
Specialized agency of the UN
Functions both as a regulator and coordinator of the telecommunications industry
State members and also members from public and private sectors without voting rights, but who participate in committees

53
Q

Hard law

A

Refers to binding legal instruments and laws
Actual binding rights and responsibilities
Law is authoritative and prescriptive
Self executing treaties, customary international law, general principles of international law

54
Q

Soft law

A

Quasi-legal instruments
No legally binding force
Most resolutions and declarations of UN

55
Q

Layer one treaties

A

Legal obligations
outer Space treaty:
1967
treat of principles (manga cater of space)
Theme of international cooperation
Adopted already existing international law
Other four treaties built up upon its framework as gaps became apparent. Tech drives law.
All begin with reiteration of the OST basic principles

56
Q

Outer Space Treaty

A

Prohibits national appropriation by claim of sovereignty in outer space including moon and other celestial bodies by any means
Starting point for private activities in space
Contemplates space activity by governmental agencies or by non-governmental entities
Assigns to state parties international responsibility for treaty compliance by either state actors or private sector
Non-governmental activities in space require a state’s authorization & authorization and continuing supervision

CSO (3 decks)

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