exam 1 (2nd round ) Flashcards
Dr. Ed Angle
Father of modern orthodontics
Line of occlusion
a smooth curve passing through central fossa of upper molar….. and Across the cingulum of upper canines and incisors
Same line runs along.. buccal cusp and incisal edge of lower teeth
Competent lips
patients can close lips at rest without muscle strain
What of critcisms of angles classification
no skeletal consideration.
only considers Anteroir-posterion position
assume upper 1st molar was always in correct position
Most common malocclusion
Class 1
radiographic Cephalometrics is used for
Research: Observe pattern of growth
Diagnostic: Characteristic of dental/skeletal relation
Evalution purposes : measure change in tooth jaw position
Skeleta malocclusion paterns
Class 1- well proportion jaws
Class 2- mandible is retusive relative to maxilla
Class 3-mandible is protusive relative to maxilla
what are the 3 facial profiles
Straight,
convex,
f concave
(Deciided by forehead, Nose Chin)
Classification of Facial pattern
brachyfacial - short face
Dolicofacial- long face
Mesofacial- average
Brachyfacial
broad square face
Chin projection
retrognaptic- retruded chin
Prognathic- protruded chin
normal vs abonormal swallowing
Normal- tongue against palate
Abnormal swallowing - tongur protudes , cause crossbite
Finding in patient with mouth breathing
Increased facial height
super eruption of posterior teeth
Downward and backward rotation of mandible
opening Bite anteriorly
OVERJET
ADENOID FACE— not all caused by mouth breathing
thumb-sucking/ finger sucking
Promotes development of Class 2 malocclusion
if palatal width is similar to intermolar width then….
then considered dental crossbit
but if palatal width is much narrower than intermolar
Skeletal crossbite
Anterior open bite
Failure of incisor teeth to overlap
posterior open bite
failure of posterior teeth to occlude, unilaterally or bilaterally
Etiologyy: anklylosis
Anterior deep Bite
Upper incisors overlap incisors excessively
Etiology : lack anterior contact, Deep Curve of Spee
Clonal model
model explaining how pattern of dentition is genetically determined before intiation of growth
Field theory
3morphologic fields- incisors, canines and premolars
neonatal teeth
teeth erupted during 1st month
pre-erupted teeth
2nd or 3rd months
when does decidious dentition begin growth
during the 2nd month in utero
when do the successional teeth begin to grow and where
they will grow in a ectodermal patch lingual to the deciduous teeth
List when different teeth and when the successional lamina of each develops
1st permanent molar-begind 4 months in utero
2nd permanent molar: 1 yrs of age
3rd perm:4-5yrs old
Describe Clonal model
At very early stage of development, before initiation of tooth formation genes decide location of teeth
describe the pattern of the Mesiodistal gradient of teeth development
Different types of teeth are positioned predictably along the dental arch.
Changes in this are rare less than 1% due to genetics
what is the Field Theory of teeth pattern
in ALL morphologic fields
1st tooth or key tooth is most stable-1st molar
Most distal teeth in field are most variable
EXCEPT! lower central incisors they vary more than laterals
Vestigial organ theory
states thats missing posterior teeth are part of evolution
anatomic model
the cause of misshaped lateral incisors is due to the union between Lateral Maxillaru=y and medial nasal process.
what is the E space
the difference between the medial distal with of the permanent 2nd pre molar and primary 2nd molar
Accessional teeth
No deciduous predecessor
Molar
Formation begins between 14wks in utero and 5 yrs
what are the nolla stages
Serial radiographs to evaluate dental development
10 stages
what are the most important nolla stages
stage 2- Initial Calcification
stage 6- Crown completion
In Nolla’s stage 9
occlussion is achieved although root is not completely formed .
Root almost complete but apex is still open
what are the developmental processes during tooth eruption of successional teeth
1st resorption of primary tooth elongation of permanent tooth root "increase in alveolar height movement of permanent tooth occlusally less growth in the inferior border of the mandible
what are the 3 phases of eruption in permanent dentition
eruption of 1st molars and incisors
eruption of premolars,canines and 2nd molars
eruption of 3rd molarss
what decides molar position
2nd decidious/primary molar
what factors influence anterior mandibular crowding
Size of teeth
interdental spacing in the primary dentition
length of the anterior perimeter of the arch
what features match the Ugly Duckling stafe
marked by a stage during the eruption of permanent dention with diastema physiologic space eruption on canines space closure.
alveolar process
are actively adaptable areas of bone growth
leeway space
difference in size between primary teeth and their successors
anteriorly y& posteriorly
incisal liability
the difference btw space needed for incisors and amount of space available
where is primate space
distal to primary canine
result of distal tippin
late mesial shift causes what
inter molar width to decrease
Late mesial shift
happen to help teeth occupy space
the only cause of widening of mdibular basal bone a post natally
due to deposition on lateral borders of corpus… in small amount
ectopic eruption
erupts away from their normal position
most cpmmon 1st molar an canines
what are most common impacted teeth
3rd molars(usually palatal) and upper cuspid
impacted teeth erupt through
attached gingiva
oligodontia is
bilateral
Oligodontia
missing more than 6 teeth
anodotia
missing all
oligodontia is
bilateral
how do we classify supernumary teeth
- teeth with conical crown - ectopic from max mid line
- teeth of normal form and size
- teeth with abnormal size an cuspal form
