Exam 1 Flashcards

(110 cards)

1
Q

This Giemsa Stain shows the intracellular yeast form of what fungi?

A

Histoplasma capsulatum

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2
Q

What is the larger black round structure being pointed at?

A

Sporangium

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3
Q

What are the smaller circular structures being pointed at by two arrows?

A

spores

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4
Q

What are the elongated thin structures being pointed at?

A

hyphae

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5
Q

What dimorphic fungi takes these two forms?

A

Blastomyces dermatiditis

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6
Q

What dimorphic fungi takes these two forms?

A

Coccidiodes immitis

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7
Q

What dimorphic fungi takes these two forms?

A

Histoplasma capsulatum

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8
Q

What dimorphic fungi takes these two forms?

A

Paracoccidiodes brasiliens

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9
Q

Name this opportunisitic fungi

A

Aspergillus umigatus

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10
Q

Name this opportunistic fungi (with a large capsule)

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

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11
Q

Candida albicans is an opportunisitc fungi. What forms can it take?

A

Budding yeast, pseudohyphae, germ tube and hypha

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12
Q

What are the sites of action of antifungal drugs?

A

Inhibition of protein synthesis, inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis, disruption of microtubules and mitosis, direct membrane damage, ergosterol inhibition (cell membrane) and cell wall inhibitors of glucan or chitin

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13
Q

What special stain is used for this image of Rhizopus?

A

Silver stain

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14
Q

This fungus acts as a parasite to arthropods and nearly destroyed the silk industry in China

A

beauveria bassiana

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15
Q

Give four examples of dimorphic fungi

A

Coccidioides immitis

Sporothrix schenckii

Histoplasma spp.

Blastomyces dermatitidis

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16
Q

These are hyphae that are pigmented

A

Dematiaceous

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17
Q

Name for hyphae that are non pigmented

A

hyaline

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18
Q

Name these type of hyphae

A

coencytic

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19
Q

Name these type of hyphae

A

septate

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20
Q

Name this dimorphic fungi

A

Blastomyces dermatitidis

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21
Q

What are the two main types of asexual spores of fungi?

A

Sporangiospores and conidia

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22
Q

Name this asexual spore of fungi. What species is this common in?

A

sporangiospore

zygomycetes (Rhizopus)

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23
Q

Name this asexual form of fungal spores

A

conidia

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24
Q

Name this subtype of conidia (asexual spore). What species are common for A and B types?

A

Arthroconidia

A - dermatophytes B - Coccidioides immitis

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25
Name this subtype of conidia (asexual spores). What species are all three types possible in?
Blastoconidia Candida albicans
26
Name this subtype of conidia (asexual spores) that are thick walled and resistant. When would these be produced?
Chlamydoconidia In a hostile environment
27
Name these large muti-celled conidia produced by dermatophytes in culture
macroconidia
28
Name these small conidia which are produced by certain dermatophytes
microconidia
29
Conidia which are produced from phialides are called what? What species are they common in?
Phialoconidia Aspergillus
30
What are the three types of sexual spores for fungi? How are they formed?
Zygospores Basidiospores Ascospores Formed from Meiosis
31
What's another word for Gram Pos bacteria?
Firmacutes
32
What's another name for Gram Neg bacteria?
Gracilicutes
33
What are mollicutes? What makes them special?
Mycoplasma; they lack a cell wall
34
Name two small obligate intracellular bacteria
Rickettsia and Chlamidia
35
Bacillus anthracis capsule is composed of what?
poly – D – glutamate
36
True or false: a true bacterial capsule is part of a cell wall?
False. It is outside the cell wall
37
what is a unique peptidoglycan found in bacterial cell walls? Do Archae have it?
Murein. No
38
Techoic acids are part of what type of bacterial component?
Cell walls of G+
39
What bacteria have an outer membrane composed of LPS (endotoxin)
G-
40
What are the two components of the LPS in G- bacteria and what do they do?
Lipid A - toxic portion; Polysaccharide O - antigenic, adherance, resistance
41
A dormant, tough, non reproductive structure in bacteria is called
an endosome
42
What part of the bacteria is composed of phospholipid with no sterols
Cytoplasmic membrane
43
What is dipicolonic acid and where is it found?
helps with resistance, found in endospores, not in vegetative cells
44
What are the two types of Superficial or cutaneous mycoses
Dermatophytoses (Microsporum and Trichophyton spp.); Dermatomycoses (Malassezia, Geotrichum candidum and Trichosporon beigelii).
45
what are the two types of Sub-cutaneous mycoses
``` Sporotrichosis (Sporothrix schenckii); Epizootic Lymphangitis (H. capsulatum var. farciminosum) ```
46
What are the three types of systemic mycosis?
Blastomycosis (Blastomyces dermatitidis); Coccidioidomycosis (Coccidioides immitis); Histoplasmosis (Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum).
47
Tissue invasion by a fungus is called what?
mycosis
48
Toxin production by a fungus is called what?
mycotoxicosis
49
What would you collect occular fluid to diagnose?
ocular blastomycosis
50
For what diseases would you use a hematological stain to diagnose?
Sporotrichosis Histoplasmosis Pneumocytosis
51
For what diseases would you use a wet mount to diagnose?
Dermatophytosis (LPCB or KOH ), Mycetoma Phaeohyphomycosis Blastomycosis Coccidioidomycosis Aspergillosis Candidiasis (and other yeasts), Rhinosporidiosis Zygomycetes Protothecosis
52
For what disease would you use india ink to diagnose?
Cryptococcosis
53
Identify this dermatophyte. What animal(s) is it common in?
M. canis (6-12 cells). Most common dermatophyte of all animals. Common in cats.
54
Identify this dermatophyte. What animal(s) is it common in?
M. Gypseum (less than 5 cells); dogs and equine
55
Identify this dermatophyte. What animal(s) is it common in?
M. nanum (2 cells, bubbles); swine
56
Identify this dermatophyte. What animal(s) is it common in?
T. mentagrophytes ; dogs
57
Identify this dermatophyte. What animal(s) is it common in?
T. verrucosum; cattle (the only one to have a vaccine)
58
Name the causative agent for this disease in dogs.
M. canis, M. gypseum, T. erinacei, T. mentagrophytes
59
This lesion is a more severe form of what? Name the lesion. What is it caused by?
ringworm in dogs. Infection by T. mentagrophytes leads to intense inflammation (kerion)
60
Name the causative agent for this disease in cats. Can this cause any other problems in cats?
M. canis; feline otitis
61
Name the causative agent for this disease in cattle.
Trichophyton 
verrucosum

62
Name the causative agent for this disease in swine.
Microsporum nanum, followed by M. gypseum, M. canis and T. mentagrophytes.
63
Name the causative agent for this disease in horses.
Trichophyton equinum and M. gypseum
64
Name the causative agent for ringworm in poultry
M. gallinae
65
What is the major infective form for ringworm?
Spores are the major infectious form ## Footnote They are shed by the infected animal into the environment and may remain viable for months to years
66
What is this?
Dermatophyte Test Medium; Growth with red slant before 10 days indicates a dermatophyte
67
cutaneous infections resembling dermatophytoses are caused by _____ and called \_\_\_\_\_
Yeasts and normally saprophytic filamentous fungi dermatamycoses
68
What are three examples of dermatamycoses
Malassezia Trichosporon spp. Geotrichum candidum
69
True or false: M. pachydermatis is part of the normal flora of animals?
TRUE
70
In dogs, M. pachydermatis causes
– Otitis externa – Seborrheic dermatitis
71
What is this disease in a dog? What are the likely causative agents?
Otitis externa; Malasezzia pachydermatitits, Staph. Pseudointermedius, enterococcus
72
You made this slide from a swabbed ear of a dog suffering from otitis externa. What is your Dx?
Malassezia pachydermitits; shoe-print shapes
73
You obtained these slides from samples of a dog suffering from dermatitits. What is your dx?
Malesezzia pachydermitits
74
You obtained this sample from the skin of a reptile. What do you suspect?
Dermatomycoses caused by Geotrichum candidum
75
A cat presents with chronic, ulcerative lymphangitis of skin and subcutis. What do you suspect?
Sporothrix schenckii
76
This sample was obtained from exudate from a cat with Sporothrix Schenkii. Why would you not suspect this to be from any other animal?
other animals do not have abundant yeast in their exudates
77
What is this disease? What is it caused by
African Horse Farcy; Histoplasma capsulatum var. farciminosum
78
What is this and what is it caused by?
[Oomycosis] cutaneous pythiosis caused by Pythium insidiosum
79
What is this and what is it caused by? Is there anything special about this disease in horses?
[Oomycosis] cutaneous pythiosis caused by Pythium insidiosum; causes Kunkers or Leeches
80
What is this and what is it caused by
[Oomycosis] cutaneous pythiosis caused by Pythium insidiosum
81
What is this?
Chromoblastomycosis
82
What is this?
Phaeohyphomycosis
83
What is this?
Curvalaria
84
You obtained this slide from an aspirate of a lesion on a cat. What do you suspect?
Cryptococcus neoformans (yeast organisms surrounded by a nonstaining capsule)
85
What is the likely causative agent?
candida albicans
86
Examination of exudates produced this slide. What do you suspect?
candida albicans
87
Shown is pseudohyphae. What is this from?
Candida albicans
88
This change in the canine scapula is caused by dissemination of what agent?
Coccididiodes immitis
89
This granulomatous inflammation of a horse's lung was likely caused by:
Coccidiodes immitis
90
Skin scrapings of a cutaneous lesion contains this. What do you suspect?
Coccidioides immitis (endosporulating spherules)
91
Shown are the dimorphic stages of
Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum
92
Shown are two examples of intracellular forms of this:
Histoplasma capsulatum
93
The non-normal lung is possibly caused by
histoplasmosis
94
Shown are the dimorphic forms of this fungus which affects humans, dogs (and rarely horses and cats)
Blastomyces dermatitidis
95
Shown is the histology slide from aspirate taken from a lesion in a horse's nose. What is the likely agent?
Rhinosporidium seeberi
96
This causes a furry white appearance on the skin of dolphins
Lacazia loboi
97
This lesion on a goat was caused by what?
Tick pyemia -- tick bite allowed Staph aureus normal flora to enter the body. The tick also carries Anaplasmaphagocytophilum which is an immunosuppressor
98
"greasy pig" disease is caused by what? What is the key virulence factor?
Staph Hyicus; Exfoliative toxin
99
The causative agent for "bumble foot" in birds is
Staph Aureus
100
The Lancefield Serological grouping can be used for what genus of bacteria?
Streptococcus
101
This causes strangles in horses. What is another name for stranges?
Strep equi subsp. equi Highly contagious febrile rhinopharyngi\*s
102
This suppurative osteomyelitis in a foal was caused by a Naval Ill infection induced by what?
Streptococcus zooepidemicus
103
The diplococcis observed here from collected from the luminal gastric mucous of a pig with jowl abscess (Cervical lymphadenitis)
Strep porcinus
104
Porcine syringomyelitis and porcine valvular endocarditis may both be caused by
Strep suis
105
The most common cause for pectoral abscess in a horse is
cornyebacterium
106
Caseous lymphadenitis in sheep is common caused by what?
cornyebacterium pseudotuberculosis
107
corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis has a synergistic effect with
rhodococcus equi
108
cornyebacterium pseudotuberculosis has an antagonistic effect on
staphylococcal beta toxin
109
Ovine Pisthosis is commonly caused by
corynebacterium renale
110
strep agalactiae have a synergistic effect on
Staphlococcal Beta toxin (CAMP test)