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Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

This Giemsa Stain shows the intracellular yeast form of what fungi?

A

Histoplasma capsulatum

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2
Q

What is the larger black round structure being pointed at?

A

Sporangium

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3
Q

What are the smaller circular structures being pointed at by two arrows?

A

spores

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4
Q

What are the elongated thin structures being pointed at?

A

hyphae

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5
Q

What dimorphic fungi takes these two forms?

A

Blastomyces dermatiditis

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6
Q

What dimorphic fungi takes these two forms?

A

Coccidiodes immitis

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7
Q

What dimorphic fungi takes these two forms?

A

Histoplasma capsulatum

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8
Q

What dimorphic fungi takes these two forms?

A

Paracoccidiodes brasiliens

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9
Q

Name this opportunisitic fungi

A

Aspergillus umigatus

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10
Q

Name this opportunistic fungi (with a large capsule)

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

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11
Q

Candida albicans is an opportunisitc fungi. What forms can it take?

A

Budding yeast, pseudohyphae, germ tube and hypha

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12
Q

What are the sites of action of antifungal drugs?

A

Inhibition of protein synthesis, inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis, disruption of microtubules and mitosis, direct membrane damage, ergosterol inhibition (cell membrane) and cell wall inhibitors of glucan or chitin

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13
Q

What special stain is used for this image of Rhizopus?

A

Silver stain

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14
Q

This fungus acts as a parasite to arthropods and nearly destroyed the silk industry in China

A

beauveria bassiana

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15
Q

Give four examples of dimorphic fungi

A

Coccidioides immitis

Sporothrix schenckii

Histoplasma spp.

Blastomyces dermatitidis

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16
Q

These are hyphae that are pigmented

A

Dematiaceous

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17
Q

Name for hyphae that are non pigmented

A

hyaline

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18
Q

Name these type of hyphae

A

coencytic

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19
Q

Name these type of hyphae

A

septate

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20
Q

Name this dimorphic fungi

A

Blastomyces dermatitidis

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21
Q

What are the two main types of asexual spores of fungi?

A

Sporangiospores and conidia

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22
Q

Name this asexual spore of fungi. What species is this common in?

A

sporangiospore

zygomycetes (Rhizopus)

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23
Q

Name this asexual form of fungal spores

A

conidia

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24
Q

Name this subtype of conidia (asexual spore). What species are common for A and B types?

A

Arthroconidia

A - dermatophytes B - Coccidioides immitis

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25
Q

Name this subtype of conidia (asexual spores). What species are all three types possible in?

A

Blastoconidia

Candida albicans

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26
Q

Name this subtype of conidia (asexual spores) that are thick walled and resistant. When would these be produced?

A

Chlamydoconidia

In a hostile environment

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27
Q

Name these large muti-celled conidia produced by dermatophytes in culture

A

macroconidia

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28
Q

Name these small conidia which are produced by certain dermatophytes

A

microconidia

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29
Q

Conidia which are produced from phialides are called what? What species are they common in?

A

Phialoconidia

Aspergillus

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30
Q

What are the three types of sexual spores for fungi? How are they formed?

A

Zygospores

Basidiospores

Ascospores

Formed from Meiosis

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31
Q

What’s another word for Gram Pos bacteria?

A

Firmacutes

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32
Q

What’s another name for Gram Neg bacteria?

A

Gracilicutes

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33
Q

What are mollicutes? What makes them special?

A

Mycoplasma; they lack a cell wall

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34
Q

Name two small obligate intracellular bacteria

A

Rickettsia and Chlamidia

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35
Q

Bacillus anthracis capsule is composed of what?

A

poly – D – glutamate

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36
Q

True or false: a true bacterial capsule is part of a cell wall?

A

False. It is outside the cell wall

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37
Q

what is a unique peptidoglycan found in bacterial cell walls? Do Archae have it?

A

Murein. No

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38
Q

Techoic acids are part of what type of bacterial component?

A

Cell walls of G+

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39
Q

What bacteria have an outer membrane composed of LPS (endotoxin)

A

G-

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40
Q

What are the two components of the LPS in G- bacteria and what do they do?

A

Lipid A - toxic portion; Polysaccharide O - antigenic, adherance, resistance

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41
Q

A dormant, tough, non reproductive structure in bacteria is called

A

an endosome

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42
Q

What part of the bacteria is composed of phospholipid with no sterols

A

Cytoplasmic membrane

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43
Q

What is dipicolonic acid and where is it found?

A

helps with resistance, found in endospores, not in vegetative cells

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44
Q

What are the two types of Superficial or cutaneous mycoses

A

Dermatophytoses (Microsporum and Trichophyton spp.);

Dermatomycoses (Malassezia, Geotrichum candidum and Trichosporon beigelii).

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45
Q

what are the two types of Sub-cutaneous mycoses

A 
Sporotrichosis (Sporothrix schenckii);
Epizootic Lymphangitis (H. capsulatum var. farciminosum)
46
Q

What are the three types of systemic mycosis?

A

Blastomycosis (Blastomyces dermatitidis); Coccidioidomycosis (Coccidioides immitis);

Histoplasmosis (Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum).

47
Q

Tissue invasion by a fungus is called what?

48
Q

Toxin production by a fungus is called what?

A

mycotoxicosis

49
Q

What would you collect occular fluid to diagnose?

A

ocular blastomycosis

50
Q

For what diseases would you use a hematological stain to diagnose?

A

Sporotrichosis Histoplasmosis Pneumocytosis

51
Q

For what diseases would you use a wet mount to diagnose?

A

Dermatophytosis (LPCB or KOH ), Mycetoma Phaeohyphomycosis Blastomycosis Coccidioidomycosis Aspergillosis Candidiasis (and other yeasts), Rhinosporidiosis Zygomycetes Protothecosis

52
Q

For what disease would you use india ink to diagnose?

A

Cryptococcosis

53
Q

Identify this dermatophyte. What animal(s) is it common in?

A

M. canis (6-12 cells). Most common dermatophyte of all animals. Common in cats.

54
Q

Identify this dermatophyte. What animal(s) is it common in?

A

M. Gypseum (less than 5 cells); dogs and equine

55
Q

Identify this dermatophyte. What animal(s) is it common in?

A

M. nanum (2 cells, bubbles); swine

56
Q

Identify this dermatophyte. What animal(s) is it common in?

A

T. mentagrophytes ; dogs

57
Q

Identify this dermatophyte. What animal(s) is it common in?

A

T. verrucosum; cattle (the only one to have a vaccine)

58
Q

Name the causative agent for this disease in dogs.

A

M. canis, M. gypseum, T. erinacei, T. mentagrophytes

59
Q

This lesion is a more severe form of what? Name the lesion. What is it caused by?

A

ringworm in dogs. Infection by T. mentagrophytes leads to intense inflammation (kerion)

60
Q

Name the causative agent for this disease in cats. Can this cause any other problems in cats?

A

M. canis; feline otitis

61
Q

Name the causative agent for this disease in cattle.

A

Trichophyton 
verrucosum


62
Q

Name the causative agent for this disease in swine.

A

Microsporum nanum, followed by M. gypseum, M. canis and T. mentagrophytes.

63
Q

Name the causative agent for this disease in horses.

A

Trichophyton equinum and M. gypseum

64
Q

Name the causative agent for ringworm in poultry

A

M. gallinae

65
Q

What is the major infective form for ringworm?

A

Spores are the major infectious form

They are shed by the infected animal into the environment and may remain viable for months to years

66
Q

What is this?

A

Dermatophyte Test Medium; Growth with red slant before 10 days indicates a dermatophyte

67
Q

cutaneous infections resembling dermatophytoses are caused by _____ and called _____

A

Yeasts and normally saprophytic filamentous fungi dermatamycoses

68
Q

What are three examples of dermatamycoses

A

Malassezia

Trichosporon spp.

Geotrichum candidum

69
Q

True or false: M. pachydermatis is part of the normal flora of animals?

70
Q

In dogs, M. pachydermatis causes

A

– Otitis externa
– Seborrheic dermatitis

71
Q

What is this disease in a dog? What are the likely causative agents?

A

Otitis externa; Malasezzia pachydermatitits, Staph. Pseudointermedius, enterococcus

72
Q

You made this slide from a swabbed ear of a dog suffering from otitis externa. What is your Dx?

A

Malassezia pachydermitits; shoe-print shapes

73
Q

You obtained these slides from samples of a dog suffering from dermatitits. What is your dx?

A

Malesezzia pachydermitits

74
Q

You obtained this sample from the skin of a reptile. What do you suspect?

A

Dermatomycoses caused by Geotrichum candidum

75
Q

A cat presents with chronic, ulcerative lymphangitis of skin and subcutis. What do you suspect?

A

Sporothrix schenckii

76
Q

This sample was obtained from exudate from a cat with Sporothrix Schenkii. Why would you not suspect this to be from any other animal?

A

other animals do not have abundant yeast in their exudates

77
Q

What is this disease? What is it caused by

A

African Horse Farcy; Histoplasma capsulatum var. farciminosum

78
Q

What is this and what is it caused by?

A

[Oomycosis] cutaneous pythiosis caused by Pythium insidiosum

79
Q

What is this and what is it caused by? Is there anything special about this disease in horses?

A

[Oomycosis] cutaneous pythiosis caused by Pythium insidiosum; causes Kunkers or Leeches

80
Q

What is this and what is it caused by

A

[Oomycosis] cutaneous pythiosis caused by Pythium insidiosum

81
Q

What is this?

A

Chromoblastomycosis

82
Q

What is this?

A

Phaeohyphomycosis

83
Q

What is this?

A

Curvalaria

84
Q

You obtained this slide from an aspirate of a lesion on a cat. What do you suspect?

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

(yeast organisms surrounded by a nonstaining capsule)

85
Q

What is the likely causative agent?

A

candida albicans

86
Q

Examination of exudates produced this slide. What do you suspect?

A

candida albicans

87
Q

Shown is pseudohyphae. What is this from?

A

Candida albicans

88
Q

This change in the canine scapula is caused by dissemination of what agent?

A

Coccididiodes immitis

89
Q

This granulomatous inflammation of a horse’s lung was likely caused by:

A

Coccidiodes immitis

90
Q

Skin scrapings of a cutaneous lesion contains this. What do you suspect?

A

Coccidioides immitis (endosporulating spherules)

91
Q

Shown are the dimorphic stages of

A

Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum

92
Q

Shown are two examples of intracellular forms of this:

A

Histoplasma capsulatum

93
Q

The non-normal lung is possibly caused by

A

histoplasmosis

94
Q

Shown are the dimorphic forms of this fungus which affects humans, dogs (and rarely horses and cats)

A

Blastomyces dermatitidis

95
Q

Shown is the histology slide from aspirate taken from a lesion in a horse’s nose. What is the likely agent?

A

Rhinosporidium seeberi

96
Q

This causes a furry white appearance on the skin of dolphins

A

Lacazia loboi

97
Q

This lesion on a goat was caused by what?

A

Tick pyemia – tick bite allowed Staph aureus normal flora to enter the body. The tick also carries Anaplasmaphagocytophilum which is an immunosuppressor

98
Q

“greasy pig” disease is caused by what? What is the key virulence factor?

A

Staph Hyicus; Exfoliative toxin

99
Q

The causative agent for “bumble foot” in birds is

A

Staph Aureus

100
Q

The Lancefield Serological grouping can be used for what genus of bacteria?

A

Streptococcus

101
Q

This causes strangles in horses. What is another name for stranges?

A

Strep equi subsp. equi

Highly contagious febrile rhinopharyngi*s

102
Q

This suppurative osteomyelitis in a foal was caused by a Naval Ill infection induced by what?

A

Streptococcus zooepidemicus

103
Q

The diplococcis observed here from collected from the luminal gastric mucous of a pig with jowl abscess (Cervical lymphadenitis)

A

Strep porcinus

104
Q

Porcine syringomyelitis and porcine valvular endocarditis may both be caused by

A

Strep suis

105
Q

The most common cause for pectoral abscess in a horse is

A

cornyebacterium

106
Q

Caseous lymphadenitis in sheep is common caused by what?

A

cornyebacterium pseudotuberculosis

107
Q

corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis has a synergistic effect with

A

rhodococcus equi

108
Q

cornyebacterium pseudotuberculosis has an antagonistic effect on

A

staphylococcal beta toxin

109
Q

Ovine Pisthosis is commonly caused by

A

corynebacterium renale

110
Q

strep agalactiae have a synergistic effect on

A

Staphlococcal Beta toxin (CAMP test)

RUSVM Bacteriology (3 decks)

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