Exam 1 & 2 Material - Fill in the Blank Style

Question 1

Resting membrane potential is ____ mV while the peak of an action potential is ____mV?

Answer 1

Resting = -65mV
Peak = +40 mV

Question 2

The neuronal system that controls the digestive system is the __________ nervous system and is
a branch under the______________ nervous system.

Answer 2

Digestive - ENTERIC

Which a branch under AUTONOMIC

Question 3

**The ___________ contains the entire length of the thick filament.

Answer 3

A-band

Question 4

The gastrointestinal tract is primarily under the control of the _____ nervous system.

Answer 4

Enteric

Question 5

Neurotransmitter release requires membrane depolarization and ________.

Answer 5

Calcium influx

Question 6

**What’s the name of the layer of cells encasing a bundle of muscle fibers?

Answer 6

Perimysium

Question 7

The _______ is the way to compare metabolic rate between animals by standardizing
conditions as much as possible.

Answer 7

Basal metabolic rate

Question 8

________ is the transfer of heat through a substance due to the visible movement of the
substance, through air or water currents.

Answer 8

Convection

Question 9

If a deer stands in a cool, fast-moving current of a stream on a hot day, she is transferring heat
through ________.

Answer 9

Convection

Question 10

The ______ nervous system has its own sensory, inter, and motor neurons, controls gut motility,
and is a network of neurons entirely in the walls of the gut.

Answer 10

Enteric

Question 11

________ is the term that describes when the internal environment of the animal changes to
reflect changes in the external environment.

Answer 11

Conformity

Question 12

Action potential “jumps” from _________ to _________.

Answer 12

Node of Ranvier to Node of Ravier.

Question 13

___________ is the transfer of heat between neighboring molecules due to a temperature
gradient.

Answer 13

Conduction

Question 14

Phospholipids are ________, meaning they contain a polar head and two non-polar tails.

Answer 14

Amphipathic

Question 15

**The somatic nervous system uses ________ neuron(s) with the cell body in the grey matter

Answer 15

One

Question 16

______ consists of cell bodies, synapses, and unmyelinated axons in the central
nervous system.

Answer 16

Grey matter

Question 17

The _________ divides the body into cranial and caudal

Answer 17

Transverse plane

Question 18

The ______ is common to both the gastrointestinal and the respiratory tract.

Answer 18

Larynx

Question 19

Muscle contraction needs ATP, nerve impulse (acetylcholine), and ______.

Answer 19

Calcium

Question 20

______ cannot utilize microbial protein whereas ruminants can utilize the protein made by
microbes.

Answer 20

Horses

Question 21

________ (thick) myofilaments that interact with ________ (thin) myofilaments in muscle contraction.

Answer 21

Myosin - Thick

Actin - Thin

Question 22

The three paired salivary glands are the ______, _________, and _________.

Answer 22

Parotid, submandibular, sublingual

Question 23

The neurotransmitter associated with the gastrointestinal tract is ________.

Answer 23

Acetylcholine

Question 24

**Warmed by metabolic production of heat is referred to as _________.

Answer 24

Endothermy

Question 25

The ________ modifies, sorts and ships products made in the endoplasmic reticulum.

Answer 25

Golgi Apparatus

Question 26

**The muscle fiber type with a slow contraction speed is _______.

Answer 26

Slow oxidative

Question 27

Resting membrane potential is ____ mV.

Answer 27

-65

Question 28

**Cold blooded animals that let their body temperature change are otherwise known as
_________.

Answer 28

Poikilotherms

Question 29

Phospholipids are ________, meaning they have both polar and nonpolar parts to them.

Answer 29

Amphipathic

Question 30

**The ________ is a cellular organelle that functions in detoxification, and is responsible for lipid synthesis.

Answer 30

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 31

The cells that form the myelin sheath, which wrap around the axon of a neuron, in the peripheral
nervous system are known as ______.

Answer 31

Schwann cells

Question 32

The type of glial cells that produce a myelin sheath in the central nervous system are called
_________.

Answer 32

Oligodendricytes

Question 33

Increasing the O2 carrying capacity of blood, assisting the regulation of blood pH, transporting
CO2 through the blood and storing O2 in tissues are all roles of _________.

Answer 33

Hemoglobin

Question 34

Transport is the movement of _________________ across a plasma membrane.

Answer 34

Solute or water

Question 35

______________________________ is the “diffusion” of water moving from “high” water
concentrations to “low” concentrations.

Answer 35

Osmosis

Question 36

**The _______ is the core thermoreceptor that receives input from the skin
thermoreceptors.

Answer 36

Hypothalamus

Question 37

____________ receptors interact with enzymes and deliver signals to the rest of the body through secondary messengers. Membrane proteins are _________, receptors which include nerve impulses.

Answer 37

Deliver signals = Enzyme-enzyme linked receptors

Nerve Impulses = Ligand-gated channels

Question 38

The _______ is considered the true stomach of ruminant animals.

Answer 38

Abomasum

Question 39

The autonomic nervous system divides further into the ________, _________ and __________nervous systems

Answer 39

Sympathetic, parasympathetic and enteric

Question 40

**The fiber diameter of ______ fiber is the narrowest.

Answer 40

Type 1/slow oxidative

Question 41

**The _______ is the part of the brain where the optic nerves from each eye cross.

Answer 41

Optic Chiasm

Question 42

_________ require no ATP and no binding, while transporters require binding to move ions across
a membrane.

Answer 42

Channels

Question 43

During skeletal muscle contraction, ATP binds to the protein _____________ and
calcium binds to the protein _______________.

Answer 43

ATP –> Myosin

Calcium –>Troponin

Question 44

**As animals get ______, there is less of a change in whole animal metabolic rate for each unit
change in body weight

Answer 44

Larger

Question 45

**In a relaxed muscle cell, _______ is the ion that is sequestered in the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

Answer 45

Calcium

Question 46

_______ summation describes the overall change in post-synaptic potential when several
different pre-synaptic neurons release neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft.

Answer 46

Spatial

Question 47

The most effective form of heat transfer for alleviating heat from the mammalian body is __________.

Answer 47

Evaporation

Question 48

The thick filaments of the myofibrils are composed of _______.

Answer 48

Myosin

Question 49

__________ is the rate at which animals consume energy.

Answer 49

Metabolic rate

Question 50

_________ is an increase in the size of a cell.

Answer 50

Hypertrophy

Question 51

It is vital for ruminants to have a four-chamber stomach in order to digest _____ from a _______
diet.

Answer 51

Fiber; Forage-based

Question 52

The junction between neurons or between a neuron and a target cell is called the ________.

Answer 52

Synapse

Question 53

Centralized and cephalization are the two key features of the _____________.

Answer 53

Central Nervous System (CNS)