Exam 1 & 2 Material - Fill in the Blank Style Flashcards
Resting membrane potential is ____ mV while the peak of an action potential is ____mV?
Resting = -65mV Peak = +40 mV
The neuronal system that controls the digestive system is the __________ nervous system and is
a branch under the______________ nervous system.
Digestive - ENTERIC
Which a branch under AUTONOMIC
**The ___________ contains the entire length of the thick filament.
A-band
The gastrointestinal tract is primarily under the control of the _____ nervous system.
Enteric
Neurotransmitter release requires membrane depolarization and ________.
Calcium influx
**What’s the name of the layer of cells encasing a bundle of muscle fibers?
Perimysium
The _______ is the way to compare metabolic rate between animals by standardizing
conditions as much as possible.
Basal metabolic rate
________ is the transfer of heat through a substance due to the visible movement of the
substance, through air or water currents.
Convection
If a deer stands in a cool, fast-moving current of a stream on a hot day, she is transferring heat
through ________.
Convection
The ______ nervous system has its own sensory, inter, and motor neurons, controls gut motility,
and is a network of neurons entirely in the walls of the gut.
Enteric
________ is the term that describes when the internal environment of the animal changes to
reflect changes in the external environment.
Conformity
Action potential “jumps” from _________ to _________.
Node of Ranvier to Node of Ravier.
___________ is the transfer of heat between neighboring molecules due to a temperature
gradient.
Conduction
Phospholipids are ________, meaning they contain a polar head and two non-polar tails.
Amphipathic
**The somatic nervous system uses ________ neuron(s) with the cell body in the grey matter
One
______ consists of cell bodies, synapses, and unmyelinated axons in the central
nervous system.
Grey matter
The _________ divides the body into cranial and caudal
Transverse plane
The ______ is common to both the gastrointestinal and the respiratory tract.
Larynx
Muscle contraction needs ATP, nerve impulse (acetylcholine), and ______.
Calcium
______ cannot utilize microbial protein whereas ruminants can utilize the protein made by
microbes.
Horses
________ (thick) myofilaments that interact with ________ (thin) myofilaments in muscle contraction.
Myosin - Thick
Actin - Thin
The three paired salivary glands are the ______, _________, and _________.
Parotid, submandibular, sublingual
The neurotransmitter associated with the gastrointestinal tract is ________.
Acetylcholine
**Warmed by metabolic production of heat is referred to as _________.
Endothermy
The ________ modifies, sorts and ships products made in the endoplasmic reticulum.
Golgi Apparatus
**The muscle fiber type with a slow contraction speed is _______.
Slow oxidative
Resting membrane potential is ____ mV.
-65
**Cold blooded animals that let their body temperature change are otherwise known as
_________.
Poikilotherms
Phospholipids are ________, meaning they have both polar and nonpolar parts to them.
Amphipathic
**The ________ is a cellular organelle that functions in detoxification, and is responsible for lipid synthesis.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
The cells that form the myelin sheath, which wrap around the axon of a neuron, in the peripheral
nervous system are known as ______.
Schwann cells
The type of glial cells that produce a myelin sheath in the central nervous system are called
_________.
Oligodendricytes
Increasing the O2 carrying capacity of blood, assisting the regulation of blood pH, transporting
CO2 through the blood and storing O2 in tissues are all roles of _________.
Hemoglobin
Transport is the movement of _________________ across a plasma membrane.
Solute or water
______________________________ is the “diffusion” of water moving from “high” water
concentrations to “low” concentrations.
Osmosis
**The _______ is the core thermoreceptor that receives input from the skin
thermoreceptors.
Hypothalamus
____________ receptors interact with enzymes and deliver signals to the rest of the body through secondary messengers. Membrane proteins are _________, receptors which include nerve impulses.
Deliver signals = Enzyme-enzyme linked receptors
Nerve Impulses = Ligand-gated channels
The _______ is considered the true stomach of ruminant animals.
Abomasum
The autonomic nervous system divides further into the ________, _________ and __________nervous systems
Sympathetic, parasympathetic and enteric
**The fiber diameter of ______ fiber is the narrowest.
Type 1/slow oxidative
**The _______ is the part of the brain where the optic nerves from each eye cross.
Optic Chiasm
_________ require no ATP and no binding, while transporters require binding to move ions across
a membrane.
Channels
During skeletal muscle contraction, ATP binds to the protein _____________ and
calcium binds to the protein _______________.
ATP –> Myosin
Calcium –>Troponin
**As animals get ______, there is less of a change in whole animal metabolic rate for each unit
change in body weight
Larger
**In a relaxed muscle cell, _______ is the ion that is sequestered in the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
Calcium
_______ summation describes the overall change in post-synaptic potential when several
different pre-synaptic neurons release neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft.
Spatial
The most effective form of heat transfer for alleviating heat from the mammalian body is __________.
Evaporation
The thick filaments of the myofibrils are composed of _______.
Myosin
__________ is the rate at which animals consume energy.
Metabolic rate
_________ is an increase in the size of a cell.
Hypertrophy
It is vital for ruminants to have a four-chamber stomach in order to digest _____ from a _______
diet.
Fiber; Forage-based
The junction between neurons or between a neuron and a target cell is called the ________.
Synapse
Centralized and cephalization are the two key features of the _____________.
Central Nervous System (CNS)
