Exam 1 Flashcards
Which way do groups go?
Up and down
Which way do periods go?
Side to side
What is Dalton’s atomic theory?
Elements are composed of atoms
All atoms of an element are the same
Compounds are composed of multiple elements
A chemical reaction only involves separation, combination and rearrangement of atoms
How is the atomic number found?
Number of protons
How is the mass number found?
Number of protons and neutrons
What are isotopes?
Same number of protons, different number of neutrons
What are the two types of ions and what are their charges?
Cation - positive charge
Anion - negative charge
What is electromagnetic radiation?
A frequency and periodic motion
What is the photoelectric effect?
EMR shining on metal will cause electrons to be ejected
What is the Heisenburg’s uncertainty principle?
Can not know position and momentum of a particle at the same time
What are the quantum numbers?
N - describes period
L - describes shape
ML - orientation in space
MS - electron spin
What is the Aufbau Principle?
Fill from the ground up
What is the Pauli Exclusion Principle?
No two electrons in any can have the same four quantum numbers
What is Hund’s rule for maximum spin?
Do not pair electrons until necessary
What happens in excited states?
Electrons get moved up a level
What is Coulumbs Law used for?
Equation for finding energy or force between two electrons
What is the ionization charge?
Energy required to remove an electron
Increases from left to right, force holding electrons increases
Increases from bottom to top, as you go down n increases, so does r
When does atomic radii increase?
Top to bottom
Right to left - More protons = more attraction
What is ionic bonding?
No sharing of electrons
What is electronegativity?
The ability to attract electrons in a chemical bond
Increases left to right, bottom to top
What is a resonance structure?
The location of the double bonds can change
What are paramagnetic?
Has at least one unpaired electron
What is diamagnetic?
No unpaired electrons
What are the bonding electron pairs, arrangement, angle, and shape?
2 - Linear - 180 - Linear
3 - Trigonal Planar - 120 - trigonal planar
4 - Tetrahedral - 109.5 - Tetrahedral
5 - Trigonal bipyramidal-120 or 90-trigonal bipyramid
6 - Octahedral - 90 - octahedral
What are the bonding electrons, lone pair electrons, arrangement, angle and shape?
2 - 1 - Trigonal planar - <109.5 - Trigonal Pyramidal
3 - 2 - Trigonal bipyr - 120, 90 - TShaped
4 - 1 - Trig bipyr - 120,90 - See saw
4 -2 - Octahedral - 90 -Square Planar
5 - 1 - Octahedral - 90 - square pyramidal
