Exam 1 Flashcards
Signs of disturbances
Symptoms
A condition that results from any structural defect or functional impairment of the animal body
Disease
Capable of being easily spread
Infectious disease
The promotion of hygiene and prevention of disease by maintenance of sanitary ( clean) conditions
Sanitation
Farm animals kept or raised to produce food or fiber (are for its labor) for use and profit
Livestock
Occur most often in certain states countries or continents
Endemic
Climatic seasons
Winter, spring, summer, fall, rainy
Physiological seasons
Breeding birthing milking
Intrinsic causes of disease
Genus, species, breed, genetic, age, sex, endocrine, neoplasms
Extrinsic causes of disease
Living Agents: bacteria, viruses, fungi, Protozoa
Non-Living Agents: trauma, temperature, poisons
Stress causes the ________ system to go down
Immune
A disease that may be transmitted from one individual to another by direct or indirect contact
Contagious disease
( True or False) all contagious diseases are infectious but not all infectious diseases are contagious
True
Sources of infection are
Direct or indirect contact with a disease individual, contact through fomites, contact with disease carriers( not showing symptoms), infection through soil, food, & water airborne infections, bloodsucking Arthropods
( True or False) treat all microorganism as if they are severe threat to the health of the animal
True
( True or False) sanitizers do not destroy or eliminate all micro organisms but reduce the number of microbial contamination
True
The destruction of all infective and reproductive forms of all micro organisms
Sterilization
Methods of sterilization
Gas radiation steam boiling water flame UV light ultrasound chemicals pasteurization
The destruction of all growing forms of micro organisms but not necessarily the spore forms of disease producing micro organisms
Disinfection
7 classes if disinfectants
Alcohol, halogens, quaternary ammonium, phenol ,coal tar ,aldehydes ,oxidizing agents
Two major categories of flies
Stable and house flies
Stable flies are bitting flies that suck blood ( True or False)
True
Stable flies reduce ______ gains, _________ production, and feed ___________
Weigh, milk, efficiency
( True or False) cattle under attack by stable flies will bunch together trying to protect their front legs which is a favorite feeding site of the flies
True
________ is expended by foot stomping, tail switching, and head throwing all in attempt to dislodge flies
Energy
House flies have a _______ type of mouthpart
Spongy
Stable flies are known to spread ____________ causing organisms due to their blood feeding habits
Mastitis
Generally odor dust and flies are cited together as constituting a __________
Nuisance
Flies breed in
Fresh manure, spilled wet livestock feed, feed and manure mixed together, hay bale litter mixed with manure and moisture ( wet, decaying organic matter)
_____________ management is the most important variable in any fly control program
Manure
In farm animal waste management there are 5 categories
Collecting, processing, storing, transporting,utilizing
Studies have shown that flies carry ____________ O157 H7
E.Coli
( True or False) even after the death of animals from contagious diseases, their carcasses remain as disease producing reservoirs
True
During the winter months ______ may remain virulent for as long a month
Viruses
( True or False) cold makes infective material dormant, while heat hastens it’s death
True
What not to do with an infected carcass
Dispose near a water source ( river, pond)
Use carcass as animal feed
Leave the carcass unattended outside for bitting insects to reach it
Why should you never open a carcass for necrosopy exam?
Opening up the carcass could lead to exposure of the person to get a zoonotic disease
Involves cooking and drying the carcass is a preferred method companies will come and pick up carcasses for a fee and perform this
Rendering
Has to have a permit to accept carcasses has fees, and hauling procedures
A landfill
When selecting a site for a burial pit what factors do you need to consider ?
Soil properties
Proximity to bodies of water
Proximity to wells
Proximity to public areas and neighbors
Advantages of a burial
Inexpensive
Fits in bio security plan
Disadvantages
Difficult in winter
Water pollution
Complaints from neighbors about odors and predators
Requires permit from Texas commission on environmental quality burning without a permit is prohibited
Incineration
Allows microbial and chemical destruction of carcass
Composting
Beyond 72 hours _______ must be frozen until disposed of
Birds
Animals that die from one of following diseases have separate disposal requirements
Tuberculosis, infectious abortion, Anthrax, Foot and Mouth, Equine infectious anemia, Rabies
Portals of entry for pathogens are
Skin ( bites, scratches) Mucous Membrane( Respiratory Tract, Genitourinary, Eyes, intestinal tract)
Body defenses are
Skin ( mechanical & Biological) Mucous membranes Inflammation Elevated Temperatures Immune Systems
