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Adolescence > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Biological perspective

A

Onset of puberty

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2
Q

Emotional perspective

A

Detachment from parents

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3
Q

Cognitive perspective

A

More advanced reasoning

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4
Q

Interpersonal perspective

A

Interest shifts from parents to peers

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5
Q

Social perspective

A

Beginning of training for adult work, family, and citizen roles

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6
Q

Educational perspective

A

Entrance into Jr. High

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7
Q

Legal perspective

A

Attainment of juvenile status

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8
Q

Chronological perspective

A

Attainment of a designated age

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9
Q

Cultural perspective

A

Entrance into period of training for ceremonial rite of passage

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10
Q

Middle ages

A

6-15th Century Performationism

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11
Q

Performationism

A

Children = mini adults Middle Ages (6-15th century)

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12
Q

Reformation

A

16th Century Original sin

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13
Q

Enlightenment

A

17th-18th Century Locke Rousseau

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14
Q

Turn of the Century

A

1890-1920 Stanley Hall “Storm and Stress” Recapitulation Margaret Mead Interventionist View of Adolescence Adolescence generalization gap

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15
Q

Locke

A

Tabula Rasa: Knowledge is the product of experience. Empiricism Enlightenment period

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16
Q

Noble savage

A

Children are endowed with a sense of right and wrong, with an innate plan for orderly growth; parents and teachers should foster the goodness and sensitivity. Rousseau Enlightenment period

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17
Q

Father of Adolescent Psychology

A

Stanley Hall

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18
Q

Lamarkian

A

Organisms pass on memories and acquired characteristics

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19
Q

Storm and Stress

A

Memory of a tumultuous period of evolution is inherited. It’s a time of turbulence, conflict and extreme mood swings. -universally and biologically based -environment can modify or exacerbate the upheaval. -critical period for the formation of the adult Hall

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20
Q

Recapitulation

A

Individual development parallels the development of the human species. Hall

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21
Q

Inventionist View of Adolescence

A

Adolescence is a sociohistorical invention resulting from circumstances early in the 20th century.

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22
Q

Age of Adolescence

A

1890-1920 Nearly every state passed laws to exclude youth from employment and required secondary school

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23
Q

Adolescent Generalization Gap

A

Widespread generalizations based on information about a limited, highly visible group of teens. Through media and stereotypes.

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24
Q

Physical manifestations of puberty

A

1) Height and weight 2) Primary sex characteristics: gonads=testes and ovaries 3) Secondary sex characteristics: Body hair and breasts. 4) Body composition: muscle/fat, girls 5/4, boys 3/1 5) Circulatory and respiratory: increased strength and exercise tolerance

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25
Q

Androgens

A

Male sex hormones

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26
Q

Estrogens

A

Female sex hormones

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27
Q

Endocrine system (HPG axis)

A

Hypothalamus: hunger, thirst sex Pituitary: master gland-gonadotropins Gonads negative feedback loop

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28
Q

Adrenarche

A

Hormonal changes in the adrenal gland -6-9 yrs. of age -Pubic hair, brain development, first crush, sexual attraction -Increase DHEA -2 yrs before godanarche

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29
Q

Gonadarche

A

-Menarche in girls: 8-10 yrs old -Spermarche in males: 10-11 yrs old

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30
Q

Leptin

A

A protein secreted by fat cells. Higher in girls.

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31
Q

Peak height velocity

A

The most rapid growth in height and weight, about 2 years after the start of the growth spurt -Girls, 12 yrs old -Boys, 14 yrs old

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32
Q

Determinants of height

A

-heredity -nutrition -age when sexual maturation begings -girls done by age 17 -boys done by age 18, 4” taller -early maturers are shorter

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33
Q

Weight gain

A

Girls-18lbs/yr Boys-20lbs/yr

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34
Q

Secular trend

A

The mean age of menarche is lower due to nutrition, high SES, improved sanitation and control of infectious diseases

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35
Q

Gender intensification hypothesis

A

The pressure for teens to act according to traditional gender roles. -males: more freedom and autonomy -females: more restricted and expected to be compliant

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36
Q

Anorexia

A

emaciated, 1% of teens Onset: teen Dependent, anxious, perfectionist No desire to change Desire for control Enmeshed and repressed family

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37
Q

Bulimia

A

Near normal weight, 2-3% of teens Onset: Late teens, early 20’s Moody, impulsive, low tolerance to frustration Desires to be attractive Conflicted and stress filled family

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38
Q

Neurogenesis

A

100 billion neurons: 7 to 18-20 weeks of gestation

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39
Q

Synaptogenesis

A

Overproduction of neurons: 8 weeks gestation to 2nd birthday -1.8 million synapses/second are created

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40
Q

2nd wave of synaptogenesis

A

Maximal size reached: girls 11 yrs, boys 12 yrs

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41
Q

Pruning

A

1% per year between 13 and 18 yrs

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42
Q

Schemas

A

Our most basic psychological structures that provide a template for action in the world

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43
Q

Adaptation

A

The process by which schemas change

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44
Q

Assimilation

A

The process in which a person understands a new experience in terms of their current way of thinking

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45
Q

Accomodation

A

A process in which an existing schema or way of thinking is changed and modified in response to new experiences

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46
Q

Sensorimotor

A

Birth to 2 yrs old Sensorimotor egocentrism Object permanence

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47
Q

Peoperational

A

2-6 years old Symbolic function Preoperational egocentrism Perception bound thinking Centered and rigid thinking Lacks conservation

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48
Q

Concrete Operations

A

6-11 years old Identity Reversibility Hierarchial classification

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49
Q

Formal Operational thought

A

11+ years old Substage A: early adolescence Substage B: mid-adolescence or later inductive reasoning deductive reasoning

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50
Q

Formal Operational thought

A

Megacognition Abstraction Combinatorial reasoning Logical reasoning Hypothetico reasoning

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51
Q

Sensorimotor egocentrism

A

Unable to perceive people/objects except in relation to the self

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52
Q

Peroperational egocentrism

A

Unable to distinguish one’s own mental representation from those of others

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53
Q

Perception bound thinking

A

Heavily influenced by appearances

54
Q

Centered and rigid thinking

A

Focuses on one dimension at a time while over looking other dimensions -lack of mental reversibility

55
Q

Conservation

A

Knowledge that an underlying physical dimension remains the same despite superficial changes in its appearance -Can’t conserve until they understand reversiblity

56
Q

Identity

A

An operation combined with its opposite becomes nullified

57
Q

Reversibility

A

Every operation has an opposite operation that reverses it

58
Q

Seriation

A

An ordering test

59
Q

Inductive reasoning

A

Inferring and creating generalizations from accumulated evidence

60
Q

Deductive reasoning

A

Can draw logically necessary conclusions from a general set of premises -abstract logic in absence of concrete examples

61
Q

Metacognition

A

Ability to think about thinking Imaginary audience Personal fable

62
Q

Abstraction

A

Thinking about what is possible -Considers reality with respect to possibilities -Using symbols for symbols

63
Q

Combinatorial Reasoning

A

Thinking in multiple dimensions

64
Q

Logical reasoning

A

Aware of the logical relations that exist among ideas -Can use logical consistency to determine whether a statement is true or false

65
Q

Hypothetico-Deductive reasoning

A

To begin with a hypothetical, even false, assertion -Systematically deduce the best problem-solving strategy -Enables one to consider the logical implications of a set of premises whether or not one accepts those premeises

66
Q

Onset of puberty

A

Biological perspective

67
Q

Detachment from parents

A

Emotional perspective

68
Q

More advanced reasoning

A

Cognitive perspective

69
Q

Interest shifts from parents to peers

A

Interpersonal perspective

70
Q

Beginning of training for adult work, family, and citizen roles

A

Social perspective

71
Q

Entrance into Jr. High

A

Educational perspective

72
Q

Attainment of juvenile status

A

Legal perspective

73
Q

Attainment of a designated age

A

Chronological perspective

74
Q

Entrance into period of training for ceremonial rite of passage

A

Cultural perspective

75
Q

6-15th Century Performationism

A

Middle ages

76
Q

Children = mini adults Middle Ages (6-15th century)

A

Performationism

77
Q

16th Century Original sin

A

Reformation

78
Q

17th-18th Century Locke Rousseau

A

Enlightenment

79
Q

1890-1920 Stanley Hall “Storm and Stress” Recapitulation Margaret Mead Interventionist View of Adolescence Adolescence generalization gap

A

Turn of the Century

80
Q

Tabula Rasa: Knowledge is the product of experience. Empiricism Enlightenment period

A

Locke

81
Q

Children are endowed with a sense of right and wrong, with an innate plan for orderly growth; parents and teachers should foster the goodness and sensitivity. Rousseau Enlightenment period

A

Noble savage

82
Q

Stanley Hall

A

Father of Adolescent Psychology

83
Q

Organisms pass on memories and acquired characteristics

A

Lamarkian

84
Q

Memory of a tumultuous period of evolution is inherited. It’s a time of turbulence, conflict and extreme mood swings. -universally and biologically based -environment can modify or exacerbate the upheaval. -critical period for the formation of the adult Hall

A

Storm and Stress

85
Q

Individual development parallels the development of the human species. Hall

A

Recapitulation

86
Q

Adolescence is a sociohistorical invention resulting from circumstances early in the 20th century.

A

Inventionist View of Adolescence

87
Q

1890-1920 Nearly every state passed laws to exclude youth from employment and required secondary school

A

Age of Adolescence

88
Q

Widespread generalizations based on information about a limited, highly visible group of teens. Through media and stereotypes.

A

Adolescent Generalization Gap

89
Q

1) Height and weight 2) Primary sex characteristics: gonads=testes and ovaries 3) Secondary sex characteristics: Body hair and breasts. 4) Body composition: muscle/fat, girls 5/4, boys 3/1 5) Circulatory and respiratory: increased strength and exercise tolerance

A

Physical manifestations of puberty

90
Q

Male sex hormones

A

Androgens

91
Q

Female sex hormones

A

Estrogens

92
Q

Hypothalamus: hunger, thirst sex Pituitary: master gland-gonadotropins Gonads negative feedback loop

A

Endocrine system (HPG axis)

93
Q

Hormonal changes in the adrenal gland -6-9 yrs. of age -Pubic hair, brain development, first crush, sexual attraction -Increase DHEA -2 yrs before godanarche

A

Adrenarche

94
Q

-Menarche in girls: 8-10 yrs old -Spermarche in males: 10-11 yrs old

A

Gonadarche

95
Q

A protein secreted by fat cells. Higher in girls.

A

Leptin

96
Q

The most rapid growth in height and weight, about 2 years after the start of the growth spurt -Girls, 12 yrs old -Boys, 14 yrs old

A

Peak height velocity

97
Q

-heredity -nutrition -age when sexual maturation begings -girls done by age 17 -boys done by age 18, 4” taller -early maturers are shorter

A

Determinants of height

98
Q

Girls-18lbs/yr Boys-20lbs/yr

A

Weight gain

99
Q

The mean age of menarche is lower due to nutrition, high SES, improved sanitation and control of infectious diseases

A

Secular trend

100
Q

The pressure for teens to act according to traditional gender roles. -males: more freedom and autonomy -females: more restricted and expected to be compliant

A

Gender intensification hypothesis

101
Q

emaciated, 1% of teens Onset: teen Dependent, anxious, perfectionist No desire to change Desire for control Enmeshed and repressed family

A

Anorexia

102
Q

Near normal weight, 2-3% of teens Onset: Late teens, early 20’s Moody, impulsive, low tolerance to frustration Desires to be attractive Conflicted and stress filled family

A

Bulimia

103
Q

100 billion neurons: 7 to 18-20 weeks of gestation

A

Neurogenesis

104
Q

Overproduction of neurons: 8 weeks gestation to 2nd birthday -1.8 million synapses/second are created

A

Synaptogenesis

105
Q

Maximal size reached: girls 11 yrs, boys 12 yrs

A

2nd wave of synaptogenesis

106
Q

1% per year between 13 and 18 yrs

A

Pruning

107
Q

Our most basic psychological structures that provide a template for action in the world

A

Schemas

108
Q

The process by which schemas change

A

Adaptation

109
Q

The process in which a person understands a new experience in terms of their current way of thinking

A

Assimilation

110
Q

A process in which an existing schema or way of thinking is changed and modified in response to new experiences

A

Accomodation

111
Q

Birth to 2 yrs old Sensorimotor egocentrism Object permanence

A

Sensorimotor

112
Q

2-6 years old Symbolic function Preoperational egocentrism Perception bound thinking Centered and rigid thinking Lacks conservation

A

Peoperational

113
Q

6-11 years old Identity Reversibility Hierarchial classification

A

Concrete Operations

114
Q

11+ years old Substage A: early adolescence Substage B: mid-adolescence or later inductive reasoning deductive reasoning

A

Formal Operational thought

115
Q

Megacognition Abstraction Combinatorial reasoning Logical reasoning Hypothetico reasoning

A

Formal Operational thought

116
Q

Unable to perceive people/objects except in relation to the self

A

Sensorimotor egocentrism

117
Q

Unable to distinguish one’s own mental representation from those of others

A

Peroperational egocentrism

118
Q

Heavily influenced by appearances

A

Perception bound thinking

119
Q

Focuses on one dimension at a time while over looking other dimensions -lack of mental reversibility

A

Centered and rigid thinking

120
Q

Knowledge that an underlying physical dimension remains the same despite superficial changes in its appearance -Can’t conserve until they understand reversiblity

A

Conservation

121
Q

An operation combined with its opposite becomes nullified

A

Identity

122
Q

Every operation has an opposite operation that reverses it

A

Reversibility

123
Q

An ordering test

A

Seriation

124
Q

Inferring and creating generalizations from accumulated evidence

A

Inductive reasoning

125
Q

Can draw logically necessary conclusions from a general set of premises -abstract logic in absence of concrete examples

A

Deductive reasoning

126
Q

Ability to think about thinking Imaginary audience Personal fable

A

Metacognition

127
Q

Thinking about what is possible -Considers reality with respect to possibilities -Using symbols for symbols

A

Abstraction

128
Q

Thinking in multiple dimensions

A

Combinatorial Reasoning

129
Q

Aware of the logical relations that exist among ideas -Can use logical consistency to determine whether a statement is true or false

A

Logical reasoning

130
Q

To begin with a hypothetical, even false, assertion -Systematically deduce the best problem-solving strategy -Enables one to consider the logical implications of a set of premises whether or not one accepts those premeises

A

Hypothetico-Deductive reasoning

Adolescence (2 decks)

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