exam 1 Flashcards
Which of the following was mentioned as a skill to which psychology students would be exposed?
Critical thinking, use of the scientific method, and critical evaluation of sources of information
Before psychology became a recognized academic discipline, matters of the mind were undertaken by those in…
Philosophy
In the scientific method, a hypothesis is a…
Proposed explanation
Which theorist would have been most likely to agree with this statement: Perceptual phenomena are best understood as a combination of their components
Max Wertheimer
…is most well-known for proposing his hierarchy of needs
Abraham Maslow
Rogers believed that providing genuineness, empathy, and…in the therapeutic environment for his clients was critical to their being able to deal with their problems
Unconditional positive regard
The operant conditioning chamber (aka…box) is a device used to study the principles of operant conditioning
Skinner
A researcher interested in how changes in the cells of the hippocampus (a structure in the brain related to learning and memory) are related to memory formation would be most likely to identify as a…psychologist
Biologist
An individual’s consistent pattern of thought and behavior is known as a…
Personality
In Milgram’s controversial study obedience, nearly…of the participants were willing to administer what appeared to be lethal electrical shocks to another person because they were told to do so by an authority figure
2/3
A researcher interested in what factors make an employee best suited for a given job would most likely identify as a…psychologist
I-O (Industry and Organizational)
If someone wanted to become a psychology professor at a 4-year college, they would probably need a…degree in psychology
PhD
The…places less emphasis on research and more emphasis on application of therapeutic skills
PsyD
Which degree would be the minimum required to teach psychology courses in high school?
Bachelor’s degree
One would need at least a…degree to serve as a school psychologist
Master’s
Scientific hypotheses are…and falsifiable
Testable
…are defined as observable realities
Facts
Scientific knowledge is…
Empirical
A major criticism of Freud’s early theories involves the fact that his theories…
were not testable
Sigmund Freud developed his theory of human personality by conducting in-depth interviews over an extended period of time with a few clients. This type of research approach is known as a…
case study
…involves observing behavior in individuals in their natural environments
Naturalistic observation
The major limitation of case studies is…
the inability to generalize the findings from this approach to the larger population
The benefit of naturalistic observation studies is…
the honesty of the data that is collected in a realistic setting
Using existing records to try to answer a research question is known as…
Archival research
…involves following a group of research participants for an extended period of time
Longitudinal research
A…is a list of questions developed by a research that can be administered in paper form
survey
Longitudinal research is complicated by high rates of…
attrition
Height and weight are positively correlated. This means that…
as height increases, typically weight increases
Which of the following coefficients indicates the strongest relationship between two variables?
-0.90
Which statement best illustrates a negative correlation between the number of hours spent watching TV the week before an exam and the grade on that exam?
Students who watch more television perform more poorly on their exams
The correlation coefficient indicates the weakest relationship when…
it is closest to 0
…means that everyone in the population has the same likelihood of being asked to participate in the study
Random sampling
The…is controlled by the experimenter, while the…represents the information collected and statistically analyzed by the experimenter
independent variable; dependent variable
Researchers must…important concepts in their studies so others would have a clear understanding of exactly how those concepts were defined
operationalize
Sometimes, researchers will administer a…to participants in the control group for the effects that participant might have on the experiment
placebo
…is to animal research as…is to human research
IACUC; IRB
Researchers might use…when providing participants with the full details of the experiment could skew their responses
deception
A person’s participation in research project must be…
voluntary
Before participating in an experiment, individuals should read and sign the….form
informed consent
A…is a sudden, permanent change in a sequence of DNA
mutation
…refers to a person’s genetic makeup, while…refers to a person’s physical characteristics
genotype; phenotype
…is the field of study that focuses on genes and their expression
Epigenetics
Humans have…pairs of chromosomes
23
The…receives incoming signals from other neurons
dendrites
An…facilitates or mimics the activity of a given neurotransmitter system
agonist
Multiple sclerosis involves a breakdown of the …
myelin sheath
An action potential involves Na+ moving…the cell and K+ moving…the cell
inside; outside
Our ability to make our legs move as we walk across the room is controlled by the…nervous system
somatic
If your…is activated, you will feel relatively at ease
parasympathetic nervous system
The central nervous system is composed of…
the brain and spinal cord
Sympathetic activation is associated with…
pupil dilation and increased heart rate
The…is a sensory relay station where all sensory information, except for smell, goes before being sent to other areas of the brain for further processing
thalamus
Damage to the…disrupts one’s ability to comprehend language, but it leaves one’s ability to produce words intact
wernicke’s area
The body’s biological clock is located in the…
hypothalamus
…occurs when there is a chronic deficiency in sleep
Sleep debt
…cycles occur roughly once every 24 hours
Circadian
…is one way in which people can help reset their biological clocks
Light-dark exposure
Growth hormone is secreted by the…while we sleep
pituitary gland
The…plays a role in controlling slow-wave sleep
hypothalamus and thalamus
…is a hormone secreted by the pineal gland that plays a role in regulating biological rhythms and immune function
Melatonin
…appears to be especially important for enhanced performance on recently learned tasks
Slow wave sleep
…are described as slow-wave sleep
Stage 3 and stage 4
Sleep spindles and K-complexes are most often associated with…sleep
Stage 2
Symptoms of…may be improved by REM deprivation
depression
The…content of a dream refers to the true meaning of the dream
Latent
…is loss of muscle tone or control that is often associated with narcolepsy
Cataplexy
An individual may suffer from…if there is a disruption in the brain signals that are sent to the muscles that regulate breathing
central sleep apnea
Research suggests that cognitive processes, such as learning, may be affected by…
mindful awareness
The most common treatment for…involves the use of amphetamine-like medications
narcolepsy
