chapter 6 review: learning Flashcards
Which of the following is an example of a reflex that occurs at some point in the development of a human being?
infant sucking on a nipple
Learning is best defined as a relatively permanent change in behavior that ________.
occurs as a result of experience
Two forms of associative learning are ________ and ________.
classical conditioning; operant conditioning
In ________ the stimulus or experience occurs before the behavior and then gets paired with the behavior.
classical conditioning
A stimulus that does not initially elicit a response in an organism is a(n) ________.
neutral stimulus
In Watson and Rayner’s experiments, Little Albert was conditioned to fear a white rat, and then he began to be afraid of other furry white objects. This demonstrates ________.
stimulus generalization
Extinction occurs when ________.
the unconditioned stimulus is presented repeatedly without being paired with a conditioned stimulus
In Pavlov’s work with dogs, the psychic secretions were ________.
conditioned responses
________ is when you take away a pleasant stimulus to stop a behavior.
negative punishment
Which of the following is not an example of a primary reinforcer?
money
Rewarding successive approximations toward a target behavior is ________.
shaping
Slot machines reward gamblers with money according to which reinforcement schedule?
variable ratio
The person who performs a behavior that serves as an example is called a ________.
model
In Bandura’s Bobo doll study, when the children who watched the aggressive model were placed in a room with the doll and other toys, they ________.
kicked and threw the doll
Which is the correct order of steps in the modeling process?
attention, retention, reproduction, motivation
Who proposed observational learning?
Albert Bandura
