Exam 1 Flashcards
Lotensin
benazepril
ACE-I, oral
Capoten
captopril
ACE-I, oral
Vasotec
enalapril
ACE-I, oral/IV(enalaprilat)
Monopril
fosinopril
ACE-I, oral
Zestril
lisinopril
ACE-I, oral
Univasc
moexipril
ACE-I, oral
ACE-I
angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor
reduce angiotensin II levels, reduce vasoconstriction and aldosterone secretion, increase bradykinin
Edarbi
azilsartan
ARB, oral
Atacand
candesartan
ARB, oral
Teveten
eprosartan
ARB, oral
Avapro
irbesartan
ARB, oral
Cozaar
losartan
ARB, oral
Benicar
olmesartan
ARB, oral
Micardis
telmisartan
ARB, oral
Diovan
valsartan
ARB, oral
ARB
angiotensin receptor blocker
more selectively reduce the effects of angiotensin than ACE-I (block AT1-R) –> reduce vasoconstriction and aldosterone release. NO effect on bradykinin
Norvasc
amlodipine
DHP Ca channel blocker, oral
Cleviprex
clevidipine
DHP Ca channel blocker - 4th gen, IV
Cardizem
diltiazem
NDHP Ca channel blocker, oral/SR/IV
Plendil
felodipine
DHP Ca channel blocker, oral ER
DynaCirc
isradipine
DHP Ca channel blocker, oral/ER
Cardene
nicardipine
DHP Ca channel blocker, oral/SR/IV
Procardia
nifedipine
DHP Ca channel blocker, oral/ER
Sular
nisoldipine
DHP Ca channel blocker, oral ER
Calan/Isoptin
verapamil
NDHP Ca channel blocker, oral/SR/IV
Non-dihydropyridine Ca channel blocker
vasodilators (mostly in arterioles, not veins), non-selective block of L-type slow Ca channels in SA/AV nodes, cardiac myocytes, and vascular smooth muscle) –> reduce CO, HR, PVR, (dec contractility)
Dihydropyridine Ca channel blockers
vasodilators (mostly in arterioles, not veins), block vascular Ca channels more so than cardiac Ca channels –> reduce PVR (no decrease in venous return ~ no orthostatic HTN
Corgard
nadolol - 1st gen
non-selective beta blocker, oral
Levatol
penbutolol - 1st gen
non-selective beta blocker, oral
Visken
pindolol - 1st gen ISA
non-selective beta blocker, oral
Inderal
propranolol - 1st gen
non-selective beta blocker, oral/SR/IV
Blocarden
timolol - 1st gen
non-selective beta blocker, oral
Coreg
carvedilolol - 3rd gen inhibit LDL oxidation
non-selective beta blocker, oral/ER 2D6/2C9
Normodyne/Trandate
labetolol - 3rd gen for resistant HTN
non-selective beta blocker, oral/IV
Betapace
sotalol -
non selective beta blocker, oral
Sectral
acebutolol - 2nd gen ISA, mem stabilizing
B1 selective beta blocker, oral
Tenormin
atenolol - 2nd gen
B1 selective beta blocker, oral/IV
Kerlone
bextaxolol - 3rd gen
B1 selective beta blocker, oral
Zebeta
bisoprolol - 2nd gen
B1 selective beta blocker, oral
BreviBloc
esmolol - 2nd gen
B1 selective beta blocker, IV
Lopressor/Toprol
metoprolol - 2nd gen
B1 selective beta blocker, oral/ER/IV
Tekturna
aliskiren
renin inhibitor, oral
Diamox
acetazolamide
carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, oral/SR/IV
Neptazane
methazolamide
carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, oral
Osmitrol
mannitol
osmotic diuretic, IV
Lasix
furosemide
loop diuretic, oral/IV (sulfa)
Edecrin
ethacrynic acid
loop diuretic, oral/IV (non-sulfa)
Demadex
torsemide
loop diuretic, oral/IV (sulfa)
Bumex
bumetanide
loop diuretic, oral/IV (sulfa)
Hydro-DIURIL/Esidrix/Microzide
hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)
thiazide diuretic, oral/liquid
Diuril
chlorothiazide
thiazide diuretic, oral/liquid/IV
Hygroton/Thalitone
chlorthalidone
thiazide diuretic, oral
Lozol
indapamide
thiazide diuretic, oral
Midamor
amiloride
K sparing diuretic, oral
Dyrenium
triamterene
K sparing diuretic, oral
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor MOA
inhibition of CA in the PCT –> prevents dehydration of H2CO2 and hydration of CO2
(decreases absorption of weak acids –> increasing urine pH) Not a good diuretic, decreases IOP
Loop diuretic MOA
inhibition of NKCC2 transporter in TAL –> increased NaCl excretion, K wasting, hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis, increased Ca and Mg in urine
thiazide diuretic MOA
inhibition of NaCl transporter in the DCT –> increased NaCl excretion, K wasting, hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis, decreased Ca in urine
Potassium-sparing diuretic MOA
block epithelial Na channels in CT –> reduces Na retention and K wasting
aldosterone receptor antagonist MOA
block aldosterone receptor in CT, mild blockade of androgen receptors –> reduces Na retention and K wasting in the kidney (poorly understood antagonism of aldosterone in the heart and vessels)
Aldactone
spironolactone
K sparing diuretic/aldosterone receptor antagonist, oral
Inspra
eplerenone
K sparing diuretic/aldosterone receptor antagonist, oral
JNC 8 HTN guideline - general population greater than or equal to 60
<150/90
JNC 8 HTN guideline - DM, CKD, population less than 60
<140/90
AHA guideline - uncomplicated HTN
<140/90
AHA guideline DM, CKD, CHF, PAD, carotid artery disease, abdominal aortic aneurysm, MI, angina, multi CV risks, Framingham risk >/= 10%
<130/80
AHA guideline - left ventricular dysfunction/systolic HF
<120/80
ADA guideline - DM
<140/80
Non-selective Alpha receptor antagonists
phentolamine/phenoxybenzamine
used for tissue extravasation and pheochromocytoma (pbz - irreversible blockade)
Alpha 1 receptor antagonist
Prazosin, terazosin, doxazosin
used to treat HTN and BPH
Alpha 1 receptor antagonist MOA
dilates arterioles and veins, lowers PVR, pre-load, and after-load. Must titrate dose up slowly
Alpha 1 receptor antagonist SE
postural hypotension, syncopal episodes, dizziness, HA
Beta blocker MOA
decrease HR and contractility (negative inotropic and chronotropic effects), decreases oxygen consumption, blocks renin from JG cells. Reduces systolic pressure and PVR
Beta blocker CI
its with heart block, could cause problems in diabetics and mask sx of hypoglycemia
Beta blocker SE
lower HDL, increase LDL and TG, bradyarrythmia, depression, DO NOT stop abruptly - taper down due to increased sympathetic response
Other effects of 3rd gen beta blockers
alpha blockade, NO production, B2 agonism, Ca block, K channel opening, antioxidant, increased insulin sensitivity, decreased TG