Exam 1 Flashcards
What causes the corrections explosion?
( hint 4 reasons) short answer
1) the war on drugs: “The biggest driver of growth” in the federal prison population was “federally sentenced drug offenders, almost all of whom were convicted of drug trafficking.” Many drug offenders—especially traffickers—are sentenced to lengthy prison terms,
further increasing the number of people behind bars.
2) Get tough on crime laws. Ex: Three strikes
3) Parole authority’s reluctance to release inmates: because of backlash
4) The growth dynamic created by the correctional boom: aka probation violations increases after inmates get out and overflow parole resulting in a larger number of parole violations creating a larger number of inmates recidividm.
How do we measure crime?
FBI’s UCR report (Uniform Crime Report) and the NCVS ( National Crime Victimization Survey
What is the difference between jail and prison?
Jail is short-term, and results in probation, when a less serious crime is committed.
Prison is long-term, results in parole, and for more serious crimes.
What are EBC and EBP?
is evidence-based corrections or gold standards that measure if correctional programs effectively reduce recidivism and prevent future crime. it’s how programs are evaluated using evidence-based approaches.
EBP- Evidence-based practice is the implementation of programs that have been studied or found effective
What does Nolle Prosequi mean?
The prosecutor drops charges after filing them if something wasnt properly done during the process.
What does the judicial process entail?
Prosecution and pretrial: Case presented to prosecutor who decides to file formal charges w the court ( no charges case dropped & released).
When presented to the prosecutor in the initial appearance will decide if the charges of the accused are serious enough to detain if not pretrial realse occurs to ensure the accused is shown at trial.
After the hearing is announced and accused is presented to the grand jury that hears his case.
Adjudication then takes place and the grand jury arrives at a decision.
Arraignment also happens before to appearance in court before their trail in the criminal case.
What are the sentencing options?
1) community corrections. Ex: fines, or community service
2) probation
3) incarceration: jail, prison, or another correctional facility
4) Restitution: financial compensation
5) death penalty
What are the goals of sentencing?
1) revenge
2) retribution: payment to the victim or society.
3) just deserts: punishment is seen as deserving for committing a crime
4) deterrence: Prevention of committing crimes through fear and punishment
5) incapacitation: imprisonment to reduce the ability to commit crimes
6) Rehabilitation: to change criminal lifestyles to law-abiding ones. through programs.
7) restoration: mediation and meetings w offender and victim or community.
What are some therapeutic interventions?
prison adjustment, re-entry, trauma, risk of future offending, family concerns, substance use, education and employment and mental health concerns
what are the 4 essential qualities of good correctional counseling?
sense of good timing and good communication, effective risking, therapeutic intention and outcome, and professional humility
What is motivational interviewing?
a method that increases inmates’ motivation to change by exploring their ambivalence, and motivation to change themselves. used to reinforce with times they demonstrated positive changes or change talk.
Nolo contredre?
plea of no contest
What are the 3 R’s
Redirection: ignore resistance, focus on current issues, focus on clients’ contribution to problems, and ask for help with other group members’ reactions to resistance.
Refraining: Positive spin to resistance
Reversal of responsibility: paraphrase resistance with attention to the meaning of resistance, ask open-ended questions, and encourage client to judge the way they are resistance
ACA what is it?
American Correctional Association. Set standards for who gets hired
What happens in the adjudication process?
