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Microbiology > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

randoms things that I need to know

1
Q

Microbiology

A

The study of microorganism to small to see

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2
Q

pathogenesis

A

disease-causing microogranism even in a healthy host

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3
Q

Opportunistic pathogenesis

A

Some microorganisms cause disease only when there is some defect in the host defense.

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4
Q

Decompositions

A

Bacteria that feed on dead things and return organic compounds to the environment, also called saprobes

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5
Q

Agriculture

A

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria that farm and live in legume root nodules are used by farmers

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6
Q

Bioremediation

A

Mircoorganism that are used to solve ecological problems

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7
Q

symbiosis

A

Mutualistic relationships where both organisms benefit. ex. termites and their gut biome

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8
Q

Medicine

A

many medicines and larger majority of our antibodies come from m microorganism

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9
Q

Biotechnology

A

innumerable life-saving medical and scientific advances depend on the use of microorganisms

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10
Q

June Almeida

A

Used electron microscope to identify the first coronavirus

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11
Q

Alexander Flemming

A

discovered pencillian

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12
Q

Fanny Hesse

A

Invented agar as a growth medium for bacterial culture

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13
Q

Robert Hook

A

Used compound microscope to discover that macroorganisms are made of microorganisms.

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14
Q

Edward Jenner

A

Discovered the small pox vaccine (first vaccine)

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15
Q

Robert Koch

A

-proved that microorganisms can cause disease
- found the bacteria responsible for TB

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16
Q

Rebecca Lancefield

A

discovered classification system for streptococci based on their cell wall components

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17
Q

Antoni van leeuwenhoek

A

Invented the first simple microscope and discovered bacteria and protists, “wee animalcules”

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18
Q

Carolus Linnaeus

A

father of taxonomy, developed binomial nomenclature - naming, classifying, and ranking

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19
Q

Joseph Lister

A

Began using disinfectants and antiseptics during surgery, helped prevent wound infection

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20
Q

Florence Nightingale

A

Established sanitary nursing care units. Founder of modern nursing

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21
Q

Louis Pasteur

A
  • invented pasteurization: discovered that heat could kill bacteria that otherwise spoiled liquids including milk, wine, and beer
  • disproved abiogenesis
  • created first vaccine against rabies
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22
Q

Ignaz Semmelweis

A

advocated hand washing to prevent transmission of puerperal fever from one OB patient to another “savior of mothers”

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23
Q

John Snow

A

“Father of Epidemiology”, studied the London Cholera epidemics of 1848 & 1854, suspected it was from the water, as most cases were found close to the Broad Street pump

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24
Q

pH is measured

A

on a logarithmic scale, based on factors of 10x

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25
Q

Cohesion

A

water sticks to water

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26
Q

Adhesion

A

polar stick to polar things

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27
Q

A polymer is

A

a chain of repeating units called monomers

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28
Q

monosaccharides

A

singles sugar

29
Q

disaccharides

A

two single sugar covalently bonded

30
Q

polysaccharides

A

many sugars covalently bound

31
Q

Amylose

A

alpha glucose, energy storage for plants, linear strx, 1,4 glycosidic linkage, digestible

32
Q

Cellulose

A

beta glucose, strx support for cell walls, polymer shape, is a sheet, beta 1,4 linkages,

33
Q

glycogen

A

Alpha glucose, energy storage in human and bacteria, branched, and digestable

34
Q

primary strx

A

sequence of amino acids in one polypeptide, linear chain of aa’s

35
Q

secondary strx

A

folding of alpha helices and beta sheets

36
Q

tertiary strx.

A

further folding of alpha and beta, the sum of all secondary strx.

37
Q

quaternary strx.

A

multiple polypeptides bound into a functional shape

38
Q

Lipids are NOT

39
Q

Lipids still use

A

dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis

40
Q

Have 2x carbon-carbon bond

A

unsaturated

41
Q

Is a liquid at RT

A

Unsaturated

42
Q

Contained all possible hydrogens that it can hold

43
Q

results in “tight-packing”

44
Q

solid at RT

45
Q

Cell membrane is made through a process of

A

spontaneous self-assembly

46
Q

Bacteria have _____ instead of cholesterol like humans do

47
Q

Amphipathic

A

Both nonpolar and polar

48
Q

why is it important that we have both saturated and unsaturated

A

If they are all saturated, nothing could get through the bilayer; if unsaturated, everything could get in the cell. prevent abrupt phase transitions

49
Q

DNA replication’s purpose is to…

A

stores genetic information

50
Q

What is DNA Replication

A

The process of DNA being duplicated

51
Q

Nucleotide

A

the monomer of nucleic acid

52
Q

codon

A

3 base pairs that encode for a amino acid

53
Q

Genetic code

A

a set of rules that determine which Condon which proteins

54
Q

How is gene sequence different from genetic code?

55
Q

START codon

56
Q

STOP codon

57
Q

Parts of tRNA

A

Anticodon and attachment site

58
Q

the three domains

A

archaea, eukarya, bacteria

59
Q

the 6 kingdoms

A

monera, archaea, protista, plantae, animalia, fungi

60
Q

Eukarya- protists that are animal like

A

protozoans

61
Q

Eukarya -protist that are plant like

62
Q

eukarya-protist that are fungi like

A

slime mold

63
Q

Kingdom Plantae

A

Eukaryotic, multicellular, autotrophic

64
Q

Kingdom Fungi

A

Eukaryotic, multicellular, heterotrophic, external digestions

65
Q

Kingdom Animalia

A

Eukaryotic, multicellular, heterotrophic, internal digestion

66
Q

Kingdom Monera

A

Prokaryotic, unicellular, autotrophic and heterotrophic

67
Q

Kingdom Archea

A

Prokaryotic, unicellular, autotrophic, and heterotrophic,

68
Q

Kingdom Protist

A

Eukaryotic, unicellular, autotrophic, and heterotrophic

Microbiology (6 decks)

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