exam 1

Question 1

list

4 dimensions of bx modification

Answer 1

• frequency
• duration
• intensity
• speed

Question 2

define

lawful

as pertaining to bx mod

Answer 2

interaction with the environment

Question 3

define

overt bx

Answer 3

public behavior

Question 4

define

covert bx

Answer 4

private

Question 5

list

steps of bx mod

2 basic

Answer 5

1. analyze behavior (relationship between bx and environment)
2. modify behavior

Question 6

answer

who is a key player in behaviorism

Answer 6

B.F Skinner

Question 7

explain

Skinner box

Answer 7

pigeons peck at a button to get food, showed operant conditioning, idea of reinforcement/punishment

Question 8

list

areas Bx mod is found

Answer 8

• psychology
• criminal justice
• military
• government/propaganda
• education
• medical
• nursing homes
• sports
• arts
• business/marketing

Question 9

list

steps of assessment

Answer 9

1. define target bx
2. understand logistics
3. choose method/procedure of recording
4. choose instrument

Question 10

explain

defining target bx

Answer 10

• be specific
• not internal state/emotion
• 2+ raters agree on the bx and how to measure it

Question 11

explain

understanding logistics

Answer 11

• how are we modifying the bx
• how long
• indirect/direct observation
• where is it occuring?

Question 12

define

reactivity

Answer 12

bx change can happen simply from the idea of having the bx recorded.

is the bx change (modification) actually responsible for the outcome?

Question 13

answer

what is the minimum percentage of interrater reliability? preferred?

Answer 13

• 80%
• 90%

Question 14

true/false

immediate reinforcement leads to more powerful/long-lasting effects

Answer 14

true

Question 15

answer

what is the basic form of self-management

Answer 15

self management w single person engaging in bx to control occurence of another target bx

Question 16

define

controlling bx

Answer 16

implementing strategies

Question 17

define

controlled bx

Answer 17

target/outcome bx

Question 18

list

ways to do self management

Answer 18

1. goal setting
2. manupulating antecedents
3. behavioral contract
4. arranging reinforcers/punishers
5. lean on social support
6. engage in self praise

Question 19

list

key components to graphing bx changes

Answer 19

1. x-axis, y-axis
2. labels
3. meaningful numbers
4. data points
5. phase lines
6. phase labels

Question 20

define

controlling bx

Answer 20

implementing strategies

Question 21

define

controlled bx

Answer 21

target/outcome bx

Question 22

list

ways to do self-management

Answer 22

1. goal setting
2. manipulating antecedents
3. behavioral contracts
4. arranging reinforcers/punishers
5. lean on social support
6. engage in self praise

Question 23

list

6 components of graphing bx mod

Answer 23

1. x-axis, y-axis
2. labels
3. meaningful numbers
4. data points
5. phase lines
6. phase labels

Question 24

explain

A B design

Answer 24

A- Baseline
B-intervention
no replication; not a true experiement

Question 25

# explain multiple baseline design

Answer 25

1. across subjects- target bx across 2+ subjects 2. across bx- change 2+ bx for same subject 3. across settings- change bx across 2 or more setting

Question 26

# list steps of reinforcement

Answer 26

1. bx occurs 2. immediate consequence 3. strengthening of bx

Question 27

# define positive | as in reinforcement/punishment

Answer 27

add something

Question 28

# define negative | as in punishment/reinforcement

Answer 28

removing something

Question 29

# define positive reinforcement

Answer 29

adding something to stregthen bx | getting extra credit for every attempt to answer question

Question 30

# define negative reinforcement

Answer 30

removing something to increase bx

Question 31

# define escape bx

Answer 31

bx that terminates an aversive stimuli (that is already there) | turning music down before getting out of car

Question 32

# define avoidance bx

Answer 32

attempting to prevent an aversive stimulus from occuring

Question 33

# list influences of reinforcement

Answer 33

1. immediacy 2. contingency 3. motivating operators 4. individual differences 5. magnitutes

Question 34

# explain continous reinforcement schedule

Answer 34

reinforce bx no matter what * once stopped bx stops immediately/extinction * hard to sustain

Question 35

# define fixed ratio

Answer 35

every 5th attempt at answering question you get extra credit | rw: rewards programs

Question 36

# define variable ratio

Answer 36

give extra credit after random amount of attempts | rw: gambling

Question 37

# define fixed interval

Answer 37

at minute 25 extra credit is given to people who are attempting to answer | getting paid bi-weekly

Question 38

# define variable interval

Answer 38

getting extra credit after indeterminate amount time

Question 39

# define extinction

Answer 39

ceasing of response bc bx is not reinforced

Question 40

# define extinction bursts

Answer 40

increase in behavior just prior to actual extinction

Question 41

# define spontaneous recovery

Answer 41

after a period of time post extinction if parameters of original paradigm are met behavior will be stronger if paradigm continues

Question 42

# answer what type of extinction does continuous schedule produce

Answer 42

rapid extinction

Question 43

# answer what type of extinction does partial reinforcement cause

Answer 43

gradual extinction

Question 44

# list steps of punishment

Answer 44

1. bx occurs 2. consequence immediately follows 3. bx weakens

Question 45

# list steps of positive punishment

Answer 45

1. bx occurs 2. adding aversive stimulus 3. bx decreases

Question 46

# list steps of negative punishment

Answer 46

1. Bx occurs 2. removal of reinforcing stimulus 3. bx decreases

Question 47

# define extinction

Answer 47

removing a reinforcer which was used to reinforce a certain bx makes bx stop

Question 48

# define response cost

Answer 48

removal of specific amount of reinforcer contingent on problematic bx | $200 speeding ticket - removing money from person