Exam 1 Flashcards
Which is not a function of blood
Producing plasma hormones
Which is not normally found in plasma
Glycogen
Serum is essentially identical to plasma except for the absence of
Fibrinogen
The viscosity of blood is due more to the presence of _ than any other factor
Erythrocytes
What would happen if all of the hemoglobin contained within the RBCs became free in the plasma
It would increase blood colloid osmotic pressure
Where do most RBCs die
In the spleen and liver
Which of the following would not lead to polycythemia
Iron deficiency
Which of the following is not true of a patient with anemia
Their blood viscosity is increased
Which of the following is not true regarding sickle-cell disease
It is a cause of malaria
A person with type A blood can safely donate RBC’s to someone of type_ and can safely receive RBC’s from someone of type_
Donate to AB, Receive O
Why are pregnant Rh- females given an injection of Rh immune globulin
Antibodies in the injection bind fetal RBC antigens so they cannot stimulate her immune system to produce anti-D antibodies
An individual has type B, Rh+ blood
The individual has _ antigens and can produce ani- _ antibodies
B and D antigens
Anti-A antibodies
What are the least abundant of the formed elements
Basophils
Which cells aid in the body’s defense processes by secreting histamine and heparin
Basophils
Some lymphocytes can survive as long as
Decades
Which of the following has not been implicated in causing leukemia
Dehydration
The cessation of bleeding is specifically called
Hemostasis
When a clot is no longer needed, fibrin is dissolved by
Plasmin
Platelets release _, a chemical vasoconstrictor that contributes to the vascular spasm
Serotonin
Most strokes and heart attacks are caused by the abnormal clotting of blood in an unbroken vessel. Moreover, a piece of the _(clot) may break loose and begin to travel in the bloodstream as a _
Thrombus
Embolus
Where are most clotting factors synthesized in the body
Liver
Blood clots in the limbs put a patient most at risk for
Pulmonary embolism
In the feedback loop for correction of hypoxemia what comes after stimulation of the red bone marrow
Accelerated erythropoiesis
What are the green things bound to RBCs
Antibodies
Where does plasmin form from
Plasminogen
Which carry oxygen poor blood
Venae Cavae and pulmonary arteries
The heart is enfolded in a space called
Pericardial cavity
Which is the most superficial layer enclosing the heart
Fibrous pericardium
The _ performs the work of the heart
Myocardium
The shallow depression seen on the external surface of the heart between the left and right ventricles is called the
Interventricular sulcus
The right atrioventricular valve regulates the opening between the_ and the _
Right atrium and right ventricle
The _ valve regulates the flow of blood between the right ventricle and the vessels leading to the lungs
Pulmonary
The _ carry blood toward the lungs
Pulmonary trunk and arteries
Opening and closing of the heart valves is caused by
Pressure gradients
Which of the following directly stems from the ascending aorta before it branches into the circumflex branch and anterior interventricular branch
Left coronary artery
Which of the following is a feature shared by cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle
Muscle fiber striations
Electrical signals pass between cardiomyocytes through the
Gap junctions
Which of the following is not part of the cardiac conduction system
Tendinous cords
The pacemaker potential is result of
Na+ inflow
Cells of the Sinuatrial node _ during the pacemaker potential
Depolarize slow
When sodium channels are fully open, the membrane of the ventricular cardiomyocyte _
Sharply depolarizes
The plateau in the action potential observed in cardiomyocytes is probably related with_ staying longer in the cytosol
Ca2+
Any abnormal cardiac rhythm is called a
Arrhythmia
Atrial depolarization causes the
P wave
In a normal ECG, the deflection that is generated by ventricular repolarization is called the
T wave
Mitral valve prolapse causes blood to leak back into the _ when the ventricles contract
Left atrium
When the ventricles relax, the _ valve prevents backflow of blood into the left ventricle
Aortic
When the aortic semilunar valve closes and blood bounces off of it, it produces the _ heart sound that is ultimately related to when the_
Dupp (S2)
Ventricles relax
Which is the correct sequence of events of the cardiac cycle
Ventricular filling
Isovolumetric contraction
Ventricular ejection
Isovolumetric relaxation
Assume that the left ventricle of a child’s heart has an EDV: 90 mL, and ESV:60 mL, and a cardiac output of 2,400 mL/min. His SV is _mL/beat and his HR is _ bpm
30, 80
Which vessels have the thickest tunica media
Large arteries
Alternative routes of blood supply are called
Anastomoses
In people who stand for long periods, blood tends to pool in the lower limbs and this may result in varicose veins. What causes varicose veins?
Failure of the venous valves
What causes reactive hyperemia to increase tissue perfusion
Local controls
Where is the vasomotor center located
Medulla oblongata
Which of the following does not move substances across capillary walls
Group transport
What is the most important force driving reabsorption at the venous end of a capillary
Blood colloid osmotic pressure
The mean arterial pressure below 60 mmHg can cause which of the following
Syncope
Myocardial infarction can lead to what type of shock
Cardiogenic
The lungs receive a systemic blood supply by way of which vessels
Bronchial arteries
Which constitutes the principal venous drainage of the thoracic organs
The azygos system
What are the afferent vessels that carry blood back to the heart
Veins
Which is a portal system
Heart
Artery
Arterials
Capillary bed
Arteriole
Capillary bed
Venue
Vein
Heart
A nurse takes your blood pressure and tells you the numbers are 110/70. What are your blood pressures
Systolic:110 mmHg
Diastolic: 70 mmHg
Pulse Pressure: 40 mmHg (110-70)
MAP: 83 mmHg (70+ 40/3)
While out hiking your friend falls and suffers a trauma. You notice they start to go into shock. What do you do to help
Lie them down and elevate their legs
Your grandmother is experiencing temporary dizziness, blurred vision, paralysis on her left side, and mild aphasia.
What might be happening?
She is having a TIA
During exercise arterioles to the skeletal muscles _
Dilate in response to increased muscle metabolites
What is the path of blood from the heart to the right pinky finger and back to the heart?
Aorta-brachiocephalic trunk-right subclavian artery- right axillary artery- right brachial artery- right ulnar artery- palmar arches-venous palmar arches- right ulnar vein- right brachial vein-right axillary vein-right subclavian vein-right brachiocephalic vein-superior vena cava
What type of blood vessel has filtration pores
Fenestrated capillary
What kind of anastomoses connect arteries to another artery
Arterial anastomoses
Which solutes move through filtration pores of the capillary wall
Glucose
Which solutes use transcytosis to move through the capillary wall
Oxygen
Which solutes use diffusion to move through capillary walls
Oxygen
Which blood vessel passes under the maxilla
External carotid artery
Which blood vessel passes through the thigh
Femoral artery
