Exam #1 Flashcards
Substance addiction (define)
repetitive, pathological intake of a drug or food
- May involve exogenous ligand
Behavioral addiction (process addiction) (define):
Repetitive, pathological engagement in behaviors that do not involve ingestion.
- May alter endogenous ligand function
What drugs are we referring to?
They cross the blood-brain barrier
- Antibiotics? (NOO!!)
Defining an Addiction: Specifics
- “Rush” effect, appetitive effect
-Not a consistent, slower deliberate tempo
-May involve any number of behaviors (not just drugs)
-Changes arousal levels, affect, or cognition; different experience of self in the moment
-Interferes with reflective processing - Time-intensive repetition to achieve satiation
-Temporary period where things are fine
-Engagement may or may not be context-appropriate (studying for finals buzz) - Intense behavioral or cognitive preoccupation (“I need myxxx!”)
-Often not step-by-step, deliberate processing - Loss of control
-Given demands of a context (pushes and pulls)
-Pushes-stress
-Pulls-seduction - Negative consequences (e.g.: social complaints)
-Ignoring longer-term gains decisions
-Tendency to try to minimize negative consequences
Drug use
metabolism
- Administration/absorption (from intake to bloodstream (oral, smoking/inhalation, injection, skin surfaces))
- Distribution from bloodstream to brain receptors (if small molecule size, molecular structure fit, fat solubility, weak PH, blood flow)
-Distribution half life=half of reach to site of action
–Nicotine and marijuana — 9 minutes - Metabolism (brain action and breakdown)
- Elimination (excretion of drug metabolites from the body - sweat, waste products, hair)
-Elimination half life = half metabolized and ready for excretion
-Nicotine—2 hours
-Marijuana – 28 to 56 hours on a single dose
what is potentiating effect (Drug interaction Effects)
Potentiating (0 + 1 = 3)
– [antihistamine and narcotic or
alcohol effects]
-Example: Prof. Sussman took drugs/medicine->didnt feel an effect->drank vodka->uncontrollably threw up
How many categories in Sussman/Ames (2001, 2008, 2017) behavioral
scheme?
8 categories
Depressants example (category #1 in Sussman/Ames (2001, 2008, 2017) behavioral
scheme
DXM (dextromethorphan - for coughs)
Inhalants example (category #1 in Sussman/Ames (2001, 2008, 2017) behavioral
scheme
4 types: solvents (glue), aerosols (gasoline), amyl/butyl/isobutyl nitrites (poppers), anesthetics (nitrous oxide)
Stimulants example (category #1 in Sussman/Ames (2001, 2008, 2017) behavioral
scheme
MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine)
Opiates example (category #1 in Sussman/Ames (2001, 2008, 2017) behavioral
scheme
fentanyl
Hallucinogens example (category #1 in Sussman/Ames (2001, 2008, 2017) behavioral
scheme
a) serotonin-like = LSD
b) catecholamine-like = mescaline
c) anticholinergic antagonists = belladonna
Cannabis is a category in Sussman/Ames (2001, 2008, 2017) behavioral
scheme (T/F)
True
Other drug example (category #1 in Sussman/Ames (2001, 2008, 2017) behavioral
scheme
- GHB [ Gamma-hydroxybutyrate]
- ketamine[dissociative anesthesia]
DA:
DA-novelty impact
The single addictions (Patterns of Addictions)
43% of population in a 12-month period
Concurrent Additions (Patterns of Addictions)
23% of those addicted
(E.g.: “speed ball” (cocaine with heroin/morphine), smoking with drinking, drinking with eating or gambling, love with sex)
Substitute (Replacement) (Patterns of Addictions)
(Quit alcohol, then smoke; quit heroin, then use marijuana
-Almost no research on this topic)
Marijuana: (World prevalence of addictions)
2.5%(note that 20-30% of world tries it)
Add on overeaters, gambling, sex, love, internet, shopping, workaholism, exercise): find that (BLANK) of the U.S. adult population has a serious problem with one of 11 addictions in a 12-month period
46%
Other drugs: (World prevalence of addictions)
1.7%
Stimulants: (World prevalence of addictions)
0.5%
Opioids/Cocaine: (World prevalence of addictions)
0.3% [0.5% when legal]
Alcohol: (World prevalence of addictions)
10%