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SOC 100 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The science of society

A

Sociology

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2
Q

Products of human interaction with persuasive or coercive power that exists externally to any individual

A

Social Facts

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3
Q

Give an example of a social fact

A

handshakes, raising your hand, saying thank you, holding the door open for people, personal space, using first names for elders

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4
Q

What term did Emile Durkheim coin?

A

The term “social facts” in the context of sociology as the “science to social facts”

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5
Q

What did W.E.B. Du Bois advocate for?

A

Importance of using quantitative data to communicate facts to nonreceptive audiences. As well as advocating the use of empirical inquiry.

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6
Q

What term did C. Wright Mills coin?

A

The sociological imagination

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7
Q

What we experience is both various and specific, personal troubles and societal issues, and how people’s lives are shaped by social facts

A

The sociological imagination

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8
Q

Monitors behavior (subject of thought)

A

The “I”

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9
Q

Is recognized (object of thought)

A

The “Me”

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10
Q

The self that emerges as a consequence of seeing ourselves as people see us

A

Looking-glass self

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11
Q

What term did Charles Cooley coin?

A

Looking-glass self

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12
Q

The looking-glass self can be seen as a ________.

A

Self-fulfilling prophecy

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13
Q

Qualitative data with an intimate conversation between a researcher and a subject.

A

In-depth Interviews

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14
Q

Quantitative data with control and an experimental group and a control group

A

Experimental Research

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15
Q

Mapping of social ties and exchanges between them

A

Social Network Analysis

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16
Q

Investigate relationships between sociological variables and biological ones

A

Biosocial research methods

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17
Q

Differences in groups’ shared ideas, as well as objects, practices, and bodies that reflect those ideas

A

Culture

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18
Q

The lifelong learning process by which we become members of our own cultures

A

Socialization

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19
Q

Able to understand and navigate cultures with ease

A

Culturally coompetent

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20
Q

Shared interpretations of reality that vary across time and space that emerge out of social construction

A

Social Constructs

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21
Q

The way we layer ideas and build connections between them

A

Social Constructions

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22
Q

Explain what a signifier is and give an example

A

things that stand in for other things

ring=marriage

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23
Q

Explain what a category is and give an example

A

subset of things that are similar enough for its own category

pets

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24
Q

Explain what a binary is and give an example

A

Categories that are opposite each other

good and evil

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25
Explain what an association is and give an example
Things that have nothing special in common, except that they're connected by a 3rd idea rainbows + flags = LGBTQ Pride
26
Explain what a sequence is and give an example
ideas arranged into a specific chronological order dating --> marriage --> kids
27
Explain what a hierarchy is and give an example
ideas placed into ranked relationships Panera > Mcdonalds
28
A constellation of social constructs connected and opposed to one another in overlapping metaphor of meaning
Symbolic Structure
29
The idea of true vs false
Beliefs
30
The idea of right vs wrong
values
31
The idea of shared expectations for behavior
norms
32
Active effort from others tot help us become culturally competent members of our cultures
Interpersonal socialization
33
Subgroups within societies that have their own culture
Subcultures
34
Active efforts we make to ensure we're culturally competent people
Self socialization
35
The connections between us and other people
Social ties
36
Our tendency to connect with others who are similar to us
homophily
37
the idea that we're socialized into culturally specific moralities that guide our feelings about right and wrong
Culture-as-value thesis
38
The idea that we're socialized to know a set of culturally specific arguments with which we can justify why we feel something is right or wrong
Culture-as-rationale thesis
39
Involves counting and describing patterns of themes in media. Could be quantitative, qualitative, or both
Content Analysis
40
Uses computers to collect, extract, and analyze data
Computational sociology
41
The socially constructed categories and subcategories of people in which we place ourselves or are placed by others
Social identities
42
Active efforts to affirm identity categories and place ourselves and others into their subcategories
Distinction
43
The claim that members of our own group are superior to members of other groups
Positive distinction
44
Preferential treatment of members of our own group and mistreatment of others
In-group bias
45
Tendency of people to form groups and actively distinguish themselves from others for the most trivial of reasons
minimal group paradigm
46
Establishing a human feature as a basis of identity
Invent (ex. penis; vagina)
47
Deciding what will differentiate people within identity subcategories
Divide (ex. male=penis, female=vagina)
48
a noneconomic good given to one group as a measure of superiority
psychological wage
49
anyone with one drop of black ancestry was considered black
one-drop rule
50
an identity based on collective memories of a shared history and distinct culture
ethnicity
51
Giving identity subcategories different symbolic meanings
Stereotype (ex. if woman then weak and emotional)
52
Doing social identities in accordance with stereotypes
"Doing Identity" (ex. putting on makeup to "do" womanhood)
53
Elevating some identity subcategories over others
Rank (ex. man>woman)
54
People are inclined to form social groups, incorporate group membership into their identity, take steps to enforce group boundaries, and maximize personal esteem and in-group success
Social Identity Theory
55
Who is the woman attributed with intersectionallity?
Kimberle Crenshaw
56
Who is the woman who is considered the mother of Black feminism and first spoke of how her identities overlapped?
Anna Julia Cooper
57
3/4 of your family needs to be part of an indigenous group to be considered indigenous
Blood Quantum
58
people who carry many positively regarded social identities
Status Elites
59
high or low esteem
Status
60
attitudinal bias against individuals based on their membership in a social group
Prejudice
61
collectively shared ideas about which social groups are more or less deserving of esteem
Status beliefs
62
Wrote "How to observe morals and manners" and coined the term sociological sympathy
Harriet Martineau
63
"self-concept" got amnesia in Asia and lost his sense of self
David MacLean
64
Black Feminist, "controlling images," how different identity categories happen to be most disadvanted
Patricia Hill Collins
65
1. Justice - Everyone had the equal chance of participating in the experimental group 2. Respect - Participant incentives 3. Benevolence - being kind
Principles of Ethical research
66
Designed to make inequality seem normal and natural. Often they are complex and overlapping
Controlling images
67
We are always learning and being socialized
Social learning
68
How culture emphasizes certain skills we pick up
cultured capacities
69
The skill of understanding others as they understand themselves
Sociological Sympathy
70
Culture is present in the body itself
Embodied Culture

SOC 100 (3 decks)

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