Exam 1 Flashcards
Health promotion
the process of enabling people to increase control over and to improve health
intended to strengthen individual, not fight disease
Goals of health promotion
improve equity in health
reduce health risks
promtohealthy lifestyles
respond to underlying determinanats of health
Nursing interventions of health promotion
increasing knowledge
increasing strength
decreasing exposure
decreasing susceptibility
health promoting activities
health education
positive changes in environment
changes in nutrition
lifestyle and behavioral modificaions change
health
state of physical, mental, spiritual and social functioning within developmental contact
illness
subjective expireenic of individual and physical manifestation of disease
can be psychological, spiritual and social components
disease
failure of adaptive mechanisms, results in functional and structural disturbances, disability, and premature death
high-level wellness
a process of moving toward a greater awareness of and satisfaction from fitness, good nutrition, positive relationships, and stress management
TTM
transtheoretical model of health promotion
focuses of health behavior change as an individual process
what are the 6 TTM stages
Precontemplative, contemplative, preparation, action, maintenance, relapse
precontemplative
not considering change
conteomplative
aware but not considering change soon
preparation
planning to change
action
has begun to make behavioral change
maintenance
continues commitment to behavior
relapse
reverted to old behavior
clinical model
absence of signs/symptoms of disease indicate health
role performance model
health based on whether a person can perform societal roles, including work, family and social
illness in role performance model
would be failure to perform a persons role at the level of others in society
health disparities
umbrella term which reflects disparities in health or health care
social determinants of health
factors which impact a persons ability to attain good health
health disparity
scenario where health outcomes differ between population
health equity
highest level of health for all people and eliminate disparities
Diversity
visible and non-visible differences such as sex, age, background, race, disability, personality, work style
what makes a population vulnerable
language and cultural differences, discrimination, racism, lack of financial resources
vulnerable populations ex
ethnic minorities, homeless persons, LGBTQ, immigrants, refugees
race
a social construct asscoiated with power
racism
based on status ranking, exploitation, discrimination, social and economic inequality
ethnicity
differences in meanings, ways of living
minority group
people within a society in which they are usually disadvantaged regarding power, control, and wealth
cultural and cultural respect
languages, customs, beliefs, rules, arts, knowlegde, and developed by a social group to make like meaningful
values
belief about the worth of something
standards which influence behavior and thinking
value oreinatation
values learned and shared through socialization
what do culture and linguistics have impact on
individuals, families, communities, influence delivery/seeking of health care
culturally congruent practice
guideline developed by ANA
include education, clinical, training, self reflection, patient advocacy, evidence-based practice, workforce, leadership, and systems development
intersectionality
how multiple forms of inequalit or disadvantage can overlap andc reate difficulties for people with multiple identities
health literacy
capacity to read, comprehend, and follow through on health information
transcultural nursing
a nurses ability to factor a patient/clients, cultural background, beliefs and values, religion, lifestyle, family into medical care
data collection methods
interviews, questionnaires/surveys, observations, document/records, focus groups, oral histories
gordons functional health pattern
focuses on pattern and sequences of behvaior, the role of environment, and developmental influences
dysfunction in one health pattern…
usually means dyfunction in other patterns
when does educating families begin
at birth
health management/perception
perceived pattern of health a well being and how health in managed
health management/perception assessment parameters
health/safety practices
previous pattern of adherence/ compliance
use of health care system
knowledge of health service availability
means to access health care
nutritional-metaboli pattern
nutrient intake relative to metabolic need
nutritional-metabolic assessment
physcial for adequate nutrition
nutrent intake
metabolic dmeand
skin, mucous membranes, dentition, hair, over/under weight
food security, education, food prep
eliminiation pattern
bowel, bladder, skin function
elimination pattern assessmnet
regulariy, quality, quantity of stool and methods to achive regulairy or control
differes from individual to individual
activity-exercise pattern
determine pattern of activities that require energy
activity-exercise pattern
excersies, activity, leisure, recreation
individual activity level, exercise, leisure
movement cpability, activity tolerance, limitation, satisifaction with level of function
sleep-rest pattern
effectiveness of sleep from individual perspective
wellness-illness continuum
high level wellness at positive end to depletion of health at negative end
high-level wellness
sense of well-being, life satisfaction, and quality of life
developmental nursing perspective
expanding consciousness, pattern or meaning recognition, personal transformation, and self actualization
health is an outcome of ongoing patterns of person and environment interactions throughout the life span
social ecological model of health
for promting health at individual, family, community, socital levels
emphasizes social determinants of health
social determinants of health
factors of society that have an influence on health and the ability of people to take care of their health
how was health originally defined as (1940s)
abscence of disease
2nd definition of health (1950s)
a persons ability to fulfill a role in society
current definition of health
individuals reactions to the environment
quality of life (perceived and functional)
resilency
clinical model
health defined by abscence of signs and symptoms of disease or illness
may wait until they are very ill to seek care
role performance model
health defined by individuals ability to perform social role (work, family, and social)
the basis for occupational heal evaluation, school physical examination, and physician-excused abscences
adaptive model
peoples ability to adjust positively to social, mental, and physiologic change is the measur eof their health
illness occurs with failure to adapt
eudaimonistic model
exuberant well-being indicates optimal health
illness reflected by lack of involvement with life
people dying of cancer may still consider themselves healthy if they are finding meaning in life
wellness
a positive state in which incremental increases in health can be made, including physical and mental health
Health ecology
recognizes the interconnection between people and their physical and social environments
expands into surrounding community
“nurses can encourage people to walk but may also need to advocate safe areas for people to walk and work with others to plan for people-friendly community development.”
functional health
the ability to function
presnt/absent, high/low level wellness, influences by neighborhood and society
loss of function is a good indicator that a person may need nursing intervention
WHO Health definition
state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not just absence of disease/ infirmity
disease
failure of a persons adaptive mechanism to counteract stimui and stresses adequately, resulting in functional or structural disturbances
ecological concept
Illness
subjective expirence of the individual and physical manifestation of disease
a response characterized by a mismatch between a persons need and the resources available to meet those needs
primordial prevention
before a risk factor develops and before a disease occurs
aimed at determinants of health
primary prevention
precedes disease or dysfunction
health as beneficial to well-being
interventions like health promoting, ie health education for heart disease
specific protection, like immunization against hep B
decrease vulnerability of individual/population
policymaking
passive health promotion strategies
individual is an inactive participant/ recipient
like maintain clean water and sewage systems to decrease infectious diseases
active health promotion strategies
depend on individual becoming personally involved in adopting a proposed program of health promotion
TTM Precontemplative
not cosidering change
TTM Contemplative
aware of but not considering change soon
TTM preperation
planning to act soon
TTM action
has begun to make behavioral change (recent)
TTM maintenance
continued commitment to behavior (long term)
TTM relapse
reverted to old behavior
where do most habits related to health come from
family
