Exam 1 Flashcards
What is a zygote?
The start of cell life
When and who invented the Microscope?
1560 Zacharias Jansun
Identify the important parts of the cell
- Chloroplast
- Nucleus
- Mitochondria
- Vacuole
- Cell Wall
- Plasma Membrane
What is the function of the cell wall?
They are there to protect the other cell organelles.
What does a plasma membrane do?
Dictates what comes in and out of the cell.
Do other things have vacuoles?
Only plants have vacuoles; they are the biggest organelle in a cell.
What is turgor pressure?
It holds the plant up; without it, wilting can occur.
How is the nucleus important?
It controls everything that happens within the cell.
What are the living and nonliving elements of a cell?
- Nonliving: Cell wall, chloroplast, vacuoles
- Living: Nucleus, plasma membrane
What do plant cells have that animal cells don’t?
Plants have chloroplasts, which animals don’t.
What is mitosis?
The process of cell division.
How do plants grow?
By cell division that occurs in the meristem.
Where does cell division occur in plants?
In the meristem.
What are the important parts of a Meristem?
- Apical
- Lateral
- Intercalary
What are the phases of mitosis?
IPMAT: Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase.
Can plants get cancer?
Yes, but not in a human way; they can turn into hybrids by rapid cell mutation.
What are simple tissues compared to complex tissues?
- Simple tissues: 1 cell
- Complex tissues: 2+ cells
What are the functions of roots?
- Conduct
- Absorb
- Reproduction
- Hormone Synthesis
- Anchorage
- Support
Why are root hairs important?
They are crucial for absorption.
What is the stele?
The core of the root.
What is the difference between monocot and dicot roots?
Dicots have an ‘x’ shape; monocots do not.
What are the different types of roots?
- Rhizomes
- Stolon
- Bulbs
- Tubers
- Corms
What are the uses for roots?
- Food
- Dyes
- Medicine
What is root morphology?
What roots look like on the outside.
What is the difference between apoplastic and symplastic?
- Apoplastic: through the cell
- Symplastic: around the cell
What is the rhizosphere?
The biologically active place around the roots.
What is the importance of symbiotic relationships for plants?
They help plants achieve more growth.
What makes healthy roots?
- Deep
- White
- Thick
What are the functions of stems?
- Absorption
- Support
- Reproduction
What are some human uses for stems?
- Food
- Drugs
What are the plant life cycles?
- Annual
- Perennial
- Biennial
What is the importance of vascular cambium?
It acts as the glue between xylem and phloem.
Describe the difference between heartwood and sapwood.
- Heartwood: alive
- Sapwood: dead
What produces bark?
Cork Cambium.
What are the characteristics that define a plant?
- Green (sometimes)
- Contains cellulose
What is the difference between autotrophs and heterotrophs?
- Autotrophs make their own food
- Heterotrophs consume food
What are examples of autotrophs?
Plants
What are examples of heterotrophs?
Humans
What is the role of vacuoles in plant cells?
Used as a filtration system and is the largest part of the cell.
Why is cellulose important for plant structure?
It makes plants unique compared to other living things.
What is the classification order in taxonomy?
KPCOFGS: Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.
What is Plant Hardiness Zoning?
Based on the annual coldest temperature in an area.
What is the Doctrine of Signatures?
The belief that God gave signs on how certain plants were beneficial to health.
What are the differences between herbarium and arboretum?
- Herbarium: preserved plant specimens
- Arboretum: live plants
What is an angiosperm?
Covered Seed.
What is a gymnosperm?
Naked Seed.
What are leaves?
Green organelles normally found on plants or trees.
What are some human uses for leaves?
- Food
- Medicine
- Shade
- Fuel
What is mesophyll?
Tissue loaded with chloroplast.
What is the importance of stomates?
They allow the plant to take in air.
What are motor cells?
Responsible for the movement of the plant.
What does chlorophyll do?
Responsible for the color of the leaves.
What affects fall colors?
Weather conditions such as cold and dry.
Why is compost important?
Feeds the soil, which is beneficial for plant growth.
What are leaf types?
- Triflate
- Palmate
- Pinnate
What are leaf shapes?
- Linear
- Ovate
- Cordate
- Elliptic
- Lanceolate
What are leaf arrangements?
- Opposite
- Alternate
- Whorled
What are leaf margins?
- Cordate
- Serrate
- Entire
- Dentate
What are the parts of leaf anatomy?
- Upper Epidermis
- Lower Epidermis
- Spongy Mesophyll
- Palisade Mesophyll
- Veins
- Xylem
- Phloem
- Stomata
- Guard Cells
