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Plant Science > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a zygote?

A

The start of cell life

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2
Q

When and who invented the Microscope?

A

1560 Zacharias Jansun

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3
Q

Identify the important parts of the cell

A
  • Chloroplast
  • Nucleus
  • Mitochondria
  • Vacuole
  • Cell Wall
  • Plasma Membrane
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4
Q

What is the function of the cell wall?

A

They are there to protect the other cell organelles.

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5
Q

What does a plasma membrane do?

A

Dictates what comes in and out of the cell.

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6
Q

Do other things have vacuoles?

A

Only plants have vacuoles; they are the biggest organelle in a cell.

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7
Q

What is turgor pressure?

A

It holds the plant up; without it, wilting can occur.

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8
Q

How is the nucleus important?

A

It controls everything that happens within the cell.

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9
Q

What are the living and nonliving elements of a cell?

A
  • Nonliving: Cell wall, chloroplast, vacuoles
  • Living: Nucleus, plasma membrane
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10
Q

What do plant cells have that animal cells don’t?

A

Plants have chloroplasts, which animals don’t.

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11
Q

What is mitosis?

A

The process of cell division.

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12
Q

How do plants grow?

A

By cell division that occurs in the meristem.

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13
Q

Where does cell division occur in plants?

A

In the meristem.

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14
Q

What are the important parts of a Meristem?

A
  • Apical
  • Lateral
  • Intercalary
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15
Q

What are the phases of mitosis?

A

IPMAT: Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase.

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16
Q

Can plants get cancer?

A

Yes, but not in a human way; they can turn into hybrids by rapid cell mutation.

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17
Q

What are simple tissues compared to complex tissues?

A
  • Simple tissues: 1 cell
  • Complex tissues: 2+ cells
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18
Q

What are the functions of roots?

A
  • Conduct
  • Absorb
  • Reproduction
  • Hormone Synthesis
  • Anchorage
  • Support
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19
Q

Why are root hairs important?

A

They are crucial for absorption.

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20
Q

What is the stele?

A

The core of the root.

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21
Q

What is the difference between monocot and dicot roots?

A

Dicots have an ‘x’ shape; monocots do not.

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22
Q

What are the different types of roots?

A
  • Rhizomes
  • Stolon
  • Bulbs
  • Tubers
  • Corms
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23
Q

What are the uses for roots?

A
  • Food
  • Dyes
  • Medicine
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24
Q

What is root morphology?

A

What roots look like on the outside.

25
Q

What is the difference between apoplastic and symplastic?

A
  • Apoplastic: through the cell
  • Symplastic: around the cell
26
Q

What is the rhizosphere?

A

The biologically active place around the roots.

27
Q

What is the importance of symbiotic relationships for plants?

A

They help plants achieve more growth.

28
Q

What makes healthy roots?

A
  • Deep
  • White
  • Thick
29
Q

What are the functions of stems?

A
  • Absorption
  • Support
  • Reproduction
30
Q

What are some human uses for stems?

A
  • Food
  • Drugs
31
Q

What are the plant life cycles?

A
  • Annual
  • Perennial
  • Biennial
32
Q

What is the importance of vascular cambium?

A

It acts as the glue between xylem and phloem.

33
Q

Describe the difference between heartwood and sapwood.

A
  • Heartwood: alive
  • Sapwood: dead
34
Q

What produces bark?

A

Cork Cambium.

35
Q

What are the characteristics that define a plant?

A
  • Green (sometimes)
  • Contains cellulose
36
Q

What is the difference between autotrophs and heterotrophs?

A
  • Autotrophs make their own food
  • Heterotrophs consume food
37
Q

What are examples of autotrophs?

A

Plants

38
Q

What are examples of heterotrophs?

A

Humans

39
Q

What is the role of vacuoles in plant cells?

A

Used as a filtration system and is the largest part of the cell.

40
Q

Why is cellulose important for plant structure?

A

It makes plants unique compared to other living things.

41
Q

What is the classification order in taxonomy?

A

KPCOFGS: Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.

42
Q

What is Plant Hardiness Zoning?

A

Based on the annual coldest temperature in an area.

43
Q

What is the Doctrine of Signatures?

A

The belief that God gave signs on how certain plants were beneficial to health.

44
Q

What are the differences between herbarium and arboretum?

A
  • Herbarium: preserved plant specimens
  • Arboretum: live plants
45
Q

What is an angiosperm?

A

Covered Seed.

46
Q

What is a gymnosperm?

A

Naked Seed.

47
Q

What are leaves?

A

Green organelles normally found on plants or trees.

48
Q

What are some human uses for leaves?

A
  • Food
  • Medicine
  • Shade
  • Fuel
49
Q

What is mesophyll?

A

Tissue loaded with chloroplast.

50
Q

What is the importance of stomates?

A

They allow the plant to take in air.

51
Q

What are motor cells?

A

Responsible for the movement of the plant.

52
Q

What does chlorophyll do?

A

Responsible for the color of the leaves.

53
Q

What affects fall colors?

A

Weather conditions such as cold and dry.

54
Q

Why is compost important?

A

Feeds the soil, which is beneficial for plant growth.

55
Q

What are leaf types?

A
  • Triflate
  • Palmate
  • Pinnate
56
Q

What are leaf shapes?

A
  • Linear
  • Ovate
  • Cordate
  • Elliptic
  • Lanceolate
57
Q

What are leaf arrangements?

A
  • Opposite
  • Alternate
  • Whorled
58
Q

What are leaf margins?

A
  • Cordate
  • Serrate
  • Entire
  • Dentate
59
Q

What are the parts of leaf anatomy?

A
  • Upper Epidermis
  • Lower Epidermis
  • Spongy Mesophyll
  • Palisade Mesophyll
  • Veins
  • Xylem
  • Phloem
  • Stomata
  • Guard Cells

Plant Science (2 decks)

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