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WELL 1000 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Describe leisure

A

Experiences which are pleasant in expectation, experience, or recollection, are intrinsically motivated, optional, autonomous, and engaging

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2
Q

What is authentic leisure?

A

The purposeful selection of leisure involvement that reflects essential aspects of the self. It increases self-awareness of interests and helps participants identify their strengths, virtues, passions, and talents

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3
Q

Describe competence as a characteristic of leisure

A

Ability to perform the activity at a level that ensures successful engagement and implies the ability to understand and make decisions

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4
Q

Describe what it means for leisure to be optional in nature

A

Person has choices in terms of the types of activities, places to do them, people with whom to do them with

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5
Q

Describe what it means for leisure to be autonomous

A

Ability to freely decide and control one’s leisure, and the ability to critically evaluate or reflect on choices

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6
Q

Describe freedom as a characteristic of freedom

A

Freedom is a choice made under one’s own power, and not the power of another

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7
Q

What are leisure barriers?

A

Obstacles that impede someone’s ability to engage in activities that can be either personal or societal

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8
Q

Describe some societal barriers to leisure

A

Stigma, inaccessible facilities

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9
Q

What is well-being?

A

A state of successful, satisfying, and productive engagement with ones life and the realization of one’s full potential

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10
Q

Name the 5 dimensions of wellbeing (PECSS)

A

Physical, emotional, cognitive, social, and spiritual

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11
Q

Describe internal capabilities of well being

A

How one is able to be and to achieve

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12
Q

Describe external capabilities of well being

A

Sources of well being such as public action or social policy

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13
Q

Name the 10 core capacities that must be present for a good life

A

Life, bodily health, bodily integrity, senses imagination and thought, emotions, practical reason, affiliation, other species, play, control over one’s environment

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14
Q

Describe quality of life

A

The degree to which a person enjoys the important possibilities of their life

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15
Q

Describe the personal level of quality of life

A

Degree of enjoyment and satisfaction experience in everyday life, including health, personal relationships, the environment, quality of looking life, social life, and leisure time

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16
Q

Describe the community level of quality of life

A

A set of social indicators, such as nutrition, air quality,, incidence of disease, crime rates, health care, educational services, and divorce rates

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17
Q

What is health?

A

Freedom from disease and illness

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18
Q

What is functional ability?

A

The ability to meet the demands of your environment on 3 levels; the body, the whole person, and the social context

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19
Q

Describe the capabilities approach of well-being

A

Sees well being as internal and external

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20
Q

What is well being achievement?

A

Helping people reach goals to increase well being

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21
Q

What is well being freedom?

A

Advocating for and creating opportunities in the environment

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22
Q

Describe the hedonic view of well being

A

Equates well being with pleasure and sees the goal of life as experiencing maximum pleasure

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23
Q

Describe subjective well being

A

The evaluations people make of their lives including reflective cognitive evaluations and affective reactions to life events

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24
Q

Describe the 6 dimensions of well being

A

Acceptance of self, positive relations, autonomy and self determination, environmental mastery and competence, life purpose, personal growth

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25
Q

Describe the dimensions of being, belonging, and becoming in the quality of life model

A

Being: Physical, psychological, and spiritual being
Belonging: Physical, social, and community belonging
Becoming: practical, leisure, and growth becoming

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26
Q

What is purposeful facilitation?

A

When leisure experiences and strengths are enhanced through diligent application of authentic assessment to the goals, dreams, and aspirations of the participant

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27
Q

What are resouces?

A

A source of supply or support, an available means, and a natural feature or phenomenon that enhances the quality of life

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28
Q

What are assets?

A

Advantages or resources

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29
Q

What are internal strengths?

A

Things that belong to the individual including their interests, talents, abilities, skills, knowledge, aspirations, goals, strengths, and virtues

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30
Q

What are external strengths?

A

Resources in an individuals environment and sources of encouragement such as family support, home resources, community resources, opportunities, and expectations

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31
Q

What are interests?

A

Something which engages our attention and curiosity

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32
Q

What are preferences?

A

Things we like more than others which drive choices and selections

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33
Q

What are passions?

A

Interests which compel us to pursue and devote ourselves to certain goals and activities, a strong expression of our desires

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34
Q

What are talents?

A

Special and creative natural abilities or aptitudes

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35
Q

What are abilities?

A

When people differ in their performance of a behavior for which there is some objective or external standard

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36
Q

What are skills?

A

The ability to do something well, arising from talent, training, and practice

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37
Q

What is competency?

A

The possession of required skills, knowledge, experience or capacity for a particular skill or activity

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38
Q

Describe what performance is

A

The level at which a person can do an activity in their real life environment

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39
Q

Describe what capacity is

A

The level at which a person can do an activity in a standardized clinical environment

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39
Q

Describe what knowledge is

A

A clear understanding of a topic or subject area

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40
Q

Describe what aspirations are

A

A strong desire, longing, or hope

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41
Q

What is a goal?

A

A result or achievement toward which effort is directed

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42
Q

Describe what social supports are

A

Freely chosen networks of people that provide assistance and resources to meet goals

43
Q

Describe what friendships are

A

Relationships where liking is coupled with mutual perception of similarity and expectations of reciprocity and parity

44
Q

What are the 4 types of social supports?

A

Instrumental, emotional, information, and appraisal

45
Q

Describe instrumental support

A

Helping someone garner tangible or physical assistance for a person such as transportation

46
Q

Describe emotional support

A

Checking up or encouraging someone

47
Q

Describe information support

A

Sharing information such as opportunities for leisure

48
Q

Describe appraisal support

A

Giving feedback or reinforcement which helps a person reach their goals

49
Q

What are the 5 stages of cultural competence?

A

destructiveness, incapacity, blindness, pre-competence, competence

50
Q

Describe cultural destructiveness

A

When attitudes, behaviors, and practices may be derived from biases or myths which are harmful to people and culture

51
Q

Describe cultural incapacity

A

When the individual is not intentionally being harmful or destructive, but lacks the capacity or awareness to meet cultural needs

52
Q

Describe cultural blindness

A

A belief that culture makes no difference and all people are the same

53
Q

Describe cultural pre-competence

A

Acknowledging cultural differences and making efforts to take other cultures into consideration

54
Q

Describe cultural competence

A

Displaying acceptance and respect of cultural differences, continual learning and self-assessment, being attentive to differences, and adopting culturally relevant service delivery to meet individual needs

55
Q

What 3 things does advocacy require?

A

Passion, understanding of situation or reason to advocate, willingness to advocate within a larger audience

56
Q

Name the 9 types of abilities or intelligences we have under the multiple intelligence theory

A

Linguistic, logical-mathematical, musical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalistic, and existential

57
Q

What are the 6 virtues?

A

wisdom, courage, humanity, justice, temperance, and transcendence

58
Q

What is the difference between core and balance patterns of leisure?

A

Core patterns are more familiar, stable, and consistent. It is made up of common everyday low-cost activities.

Balance patterns are less common and frequent, provide novel experiences.

59
Q

Name the 4 components of self advocacy

A

Knowledge of self, knowledge of rights, communication, and leadership

60
Q

Describe positive psychology theories

A

Study of the strengths and virtues that enable people and communities to thrive. Founded on the belief people want to live meaningful and purposeful lives

61
Q

What are the four main areas that positive psychology theories focus on?

A

Positive emotion and experiences, positive individual traits, positive relationships, and positive and enabling institutions

62
Q

What is authentic happiness?

A

Happiness that comes from identifying and cultivating an individuals most fundamental strengths and using them in work, love, and play

63
Q

What does happiness theory claim about happiness?

A

Happiness lies on a continuum, with each person having a happiness baseline

64
Q

What percentage of happiness comes from our happiness baseline? Where else does it come from?

A

50% from the baseline, 10% from life circumstances, 40% within our control

65
Q

Described learned optimism theory

A

Sees our thoughts as influencing our feelings, which influences our behavior. Overall, it is our choice between optimism and pessimism, and learning optimism brings a brighter outlook

66
Q

What is flow?

A

An optimal experience where individuals feel alive and in the moment, often as a result of engaging in leisure and recreation activities

67
Q

What is a flow channel?

A

When individuals stretch their skills to meet the challenge of the activity

68
Q

What happens when the challenge is high and skills are low?

A

Person experiences anxiety

69
Q

What happens when the challenge is high and skills are also high?

A

Person experiences flow

70
Q

What happens when a challenge is low and the person has low skills?

A

Person experiences apathy

71
Q

What happens when challenge is low and skills are high?

A

Person experiences boredom

72
Q

What is authentic leisure?

A

The purposeful selection of leisure involvement that reflects essential aspects of the self

73
Q

Describe broaden-and-build theory

A

Asserts that positive emotions broaden our outlook and builds resources over time, which adds value to our life

74
Q

What are the 2 core truths of broaden-and-build theory

A
  1. Positive emotions open our hearts and minds, making us more receptive and creative
  2. Positivity transforms us for the better
75
Q

What is a theory?

A

A generalized statement aimed at explaining a phenomenon

76
Q

What is a model?

A

A purposeful representation of reality built on theories

77
Q

What is an approach?

A

When information is taken from models and applied into practice

78
Q

Describe leisure coping theory

A

Sees coping as a pathway to one’s truer and stronger self

79
Q

What are the two approaches of coping?

A
  1. Reducing or eliminating the negative demands of a situation
  2. Increasing positive resources
80
Q

What are the 3 dimensions of self determination?

A

Autonomy, self-actualization, and self-regulation

81
Q

What 2 things does self-determination imply?

A
  1. Individual is in charge of their own life
  2. The individual is able to make their own decisions
82
Q

What are the 6 steps of self determination?

A
  1. Identify and express needs, interests, and abilities
  2. Set expectations and goals
  3. Make choices and plans
  4. Take action to complete plans
  5. Evaluate the results
  6. Adjust your plans and actions if necessary
83
Q

Describe self-efficacy

A

Peoples beliefs in their capabilities to perform in ways that give them control over events that affect their lives

84
Q

What is the main idea of self efficacy theory

A

Focusing on what you can do and not what you will do

85
Q

What are the steps of self-efficacy?

A
  1. Mastery
  2. Social modeling
  3. Social persuasion
  4. Physical and emotional stress
86
Q

What is the main idea of well-being and environmental theories?

A

Clients exist within the context of social and physical environments, so we should view both the individual and the environments in which they live

87
Q

Describe normalization theory

A

Focuses on individuals with impairments living their life as ordinary citizens within their own communities and cultures.

Also provides opportunities for self-determination and choice

88
Q

What is social capital?

A

The connections and relationships that develop around community and the value these relationships hold for the members

89
Q

What is social currency?

A

When individuals have valuable social relationships and a strong sense of community, which prevents conflict from destroying relationships

90
Q

What does social capital allow?

A
  • Collective problem solving
  • Increased awareness of similarities
  • Increased tolerance
  • Improved communication
  • Enhanced psychological and biological processes
91
Q

What is resilency?

A

The capacity to prevail in the face of adversity as individuals build and utilize protective factors

92
Q

Under resiliency, what 3 things do individuals learn to do?

A

Recover from negative emotional experiences, adapt to stressful situations, and derive meaning from distressing experiences

93
Q

What is emotion-focused coping?

A

When individuals adjust their emotional response to a situation by reappraising the importance of the problem, seeking distractions, avoiding the problem, or accepting the situation

93
Q

What is the positivity ratio?

A

Having 3 positive emotions for every negative emotion, which is necessary for a transformative effect of living longer and stronger

93
Q

What is problem-focused coping?

A

When the participant attempts to manage or alter the problem by focusing on something external or within oneself. Includes basic problem solving, adjusting motivations, and enhancing related skills

94
Q

What are the 4 stages of coping?

A

Appraisal, assessment of coping resources, applying the coping strategy, and evaluation

95
Q

What 3 levels is the ICF conceptualized at?

A

Body function and structures, the whole person, and social and environmental contexts

96
Q

What two areas are featured across dimensions in the ICF?

A

Body function and structures, activity and participation

97
Q

Describe 4 trends responsible for the decline of community?

A

Replacement of civic-minded generation with less involved children and grandchildren, electronic entertainment, time and money pressures, and trend toward suburbanization

98
Q

What are the 4 patterns of resiliency?

A

Dispositional, relational, situational, and philosophical

99
Q

Describe the dispositional pattern of resilience

A

Sees self-perception and physical psychosocial attributes as protective factors against life stressors. Includes self worth, autonomy, self-reliance, and good health and appearance

100
Q

Describe the relational pattern of resilience

A

Relationships seen as a source of resilience, including ones role in society and the amount of relationships people experience

101
Q

Describe the situational pattern of resilience

A

Reflected in the ability to interact constructively with stressful situations, including the ability to evaluate situations, problem solve, and take action to affect a positive outcome

102
Q

Describe the philosophical pattern of resilience

A

A worldview supporting resilience as a person will prove hardier if they believe life has a purpose, personal development is important, and positive meaning can be derived from all experiences

WELL 1000 (2 decks)

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