Exam 1

Question 1

speech sound disorders

Answer 1

difficulties with speech sound production, which may result from motor, structural, or perceptual issue

Question 2

articulation disorder

Answer 2

difficulty with specific speech sounds

Question 3

phonological disorder

Answer 3

difficulty understanding and implementing the rules of sound patterns

Question 4

characteristics of speech sound disorders

Answer 4

misarticulations
omissions
substitutions
distortions of sound

Question 5

differentiation of speech sound disorders

Answer 5

Unlike AOS and CAS, SSDs are often developmental and can affect sound patterns, not motor planning.

Question 6

Apraxia of Speech (AOS)

Answer 6

A motor speech disorder caused by damage to the brain, affecting the ability to plan and program speech movements.

Question 7

characteristics of AOS

Answer 7

Inconsistent speech errors
difficulty initiating speech
groping for sounds
preserved automatic speech.

Question 8

causes of AOS

Answer 8

neurological damage

Question 9

differentiation of AOS

Answer 9

unlike dysarthria, AOS affects motor planning rather than muscle strength or coordination

Question 10

Childhood apraxia of speech

Answer 10

pediatric form of AOS affecting motor planning of speech in children

Question 11

characteristics of CAS

Answer 11

inconsistent errors
vowel distortions
difficulty initiating speech sounds
errors increase with complexity

Question 12

causes of CAS

Answer 12

idiopathic
genetic disorders
neurological impairment

Question 13

differentiation of CAS

Answer 13

distinct from other speech sound disorders because of motor planning deficit

Question 14

dysarthria

Answer 14

A motor speech disorder caused by muscle weakness or paralysis affecting speech production.

Question 15

types of dysarthrias

Answer 15

Includes flaccid, spastic, ataxic, hypokinetic, hyperkinetic, and mixed types, based on the nature of muscle impairment.

Question 16

characteristics of dysarthria

Answer 16

Slurred speech
imprecise articulation,
changes in voice quality (hoarseness)
slow speech rate.

Question 17

differentiation of dysarthria

Answer 17

In contrast to AOS, dysarthria results from muscle control issues, not motor planning.

Question 18

ICF framework

Answer 18

focusing on understanding heath through body function/structures, activities, participation, environmental and personal factors

Question 19

body function/structure

Answer 19

impact on physiological/psychology systems
speech organs, voice, articulation

Question 20

activities

Answer 20

execution of specific tasks
speech production

Question 21

participation

Answer 21

involvement in life situations
work, school

Question 22

environmental

Answer 22

barriers/facilitators in physical/social environments

Question 23

personal

Answer 23

individual background
age, health, lifestyle

Question 24

ICF application in speech

Answer 24

Helps assess how speech disorders affect not just speech, but overall communication and participation in life activities.

Question 25

SLP role (9 domains)

Answer 25

Articulation.
Fluency.
Voice and resonance.
Receptive and expressive language.
Hearing.
Swallowing.
Cognitive aspects of communication.
Social aspects of communication.
Communication modalities (AAC).

Question 26

differential diagnosis

Answer 26

The process of distinguishing one disorder from another that presents with similar symptoms.

Question 27

importance of differential diagnosis

Answer 27

Helps SLPs accurately diagnose speech disorders (e.g., AOS vs. dysarthria vs. aphasia) and create effective treatment plans.

Question 28

key consideration of differential diagnosis

Answer 28

Identifying the type and source of motor speech difficulties (muscle control vs. motor planning).
Using both perceptual and objective measures.
Considering co-occurring conditions (e.g., language disorders or cognitive deficits).
Summary of Differences

Question 29

AOS vs Dysarthria

Answer 29

AOS affects motor planning; dysarthria affects muscle strength/control.

Question 30

AOS vs CAS

Answer 30

CAS is specific to children and presents similar to AOS but in developmental speech acquisition.

Question 31

CAS vs SSDs

Answer 31

CAS involves motor planning deficits, while SSDs often involve phonological or articulation issues without motor planning problems.