Exam 1 Flashcards
speech sound disorders
difficulties with speech sound production, which may result from motor, structural, or perceptual issue
articulation disorder
difficulty with specific speech sounds
phonological disorder
difficulty understanding and implementing the rules of sound patterns
characteristics of speech sound disorders
misarticulations
omissions
substitutions
distortions of sound
differentiation of speech sound disorders
Unlike AOS and CAS, SSDs are often developmental and can affect sound patterns, not motor planning.
Apraxia of Speech (AOS)
A motor speech disorder caused by damage to the brain, affecting the ability to plan and program speech movements.
characteristics of AOS
Inconsistent speech errors
difficulty initiating speech
groping for sounds
preserved automatic speech.
causes of AOS
neurological damage
differentiation of AOS
unlike dysarthria, AOS affects motor planning rather than muscle strength or coordination
Childhood apraxia of speech
pediatric form of AOS affecting motor planning of speech in children
characteristics of CAS
inconsistent errors
vowel distortions
difficulty initiating speech sounds
errors increase with complexity
causes of CAS
idiopathic
genetic disorders
neurological impairment
differentiation of CAS
distinct from other speech sound disorders because of motor planning deficit
dysarthria
A motor speech disorder caused by muscle weakness or paralysis affecting speech production.
types of dysarthrias
Includes flaccid, spastic, ataxic, hypokinetic, hyperkinetic, and mixed types, based on the nature of muscle impairment.
characteristics of dysarthria
Slurred speech
imprecise articulation,
changes in voice quality (hoarseness)
slow speech rate.
differentiation of dysarthria
In contrast to AOS, dysarthria results from muscle control issues, not motor planning.
ICF framework
focusing on understanding heath through body function/structures, activities, participation, environmental and personal factors
body function/structure
impact on physiological/psychology systems
speech organs, voice, articulation
activities
execution of specific tasks
speech production
participation
involvement in life situations
work, school
environmental
barriers/facilitators in physical/social environments
personal
individual background
age, health, lifestyle
ICF application in speech
Helps assess how speech disorders affect not just speech, but overall communication and participation in life activities.
SLP role (9 domains)
Articulation.
Fluency.
Voice and resonance.
Receptive and expressive language.
Hearing.
Swallowing.
Cognitive aspects of communication.
Social aspects of communication.
Communication modalities (AAC).
differential diagnosis
The process of distinguishing one disorder from another that presents with similar symptoms.
importance of differential diagnosis
Helps SLPs accurately diagnose speech disorders (e.g., AOS vs. dysarthria vs. aphasia) and create effective treatment plans.
key consideration of differential diagnosis
Identifying the type and source of motor speech difficulties (muscle control vs. motor planning).
Using both perceptual and objective measures.
Considering co-occurring conditions (e.g., language disorders or cognitive deficits).
Summary of Differences
AOS vs Dysarthria
AOS affects motor planning; dysarthria affects muscle strength/control.
AOS vs CAS
CAS is specific to children and presents similar to AOS but in developmental speech acquisition.
CAS vs SSDs
CAS involves motor planning deficits, while SSDs often involve phonological or articulation issues without motor planning problems.
