Cleft Palate

Question 1

cleft palate

Answer 1

result of embryological error
affects function
CP and CL can occur together

Question 2

pharyngeal arches

Answer 2

generate embryological cells that form head and neck structures

Question 3

first two pharyngeal arches

Answer 3

generate structures of face and oral cavity

Question 4

third and forth pharyngeal arches

Answer 4

generate structures of pharynx and velopharynx

Question 5

maxillary prominences (upper lip)

Answer 5

push medially to fuse tissue

Question 6

failure of fusion lines between maxillary prominences and middle portion of nose

Answer 6

result in cleft lip

Question 7

when is lip development complete

Answer 7

10 weeks

Question 8

frontal 7 weeks (hard/soft palate)

Answer 8

palatine shelves caught under tongue stopping them from snapping up into fusion and ready position

Question 9

frontal 9 weeks (hard/soft palate)

Answer 9

mandible grows allowing tongue to drop into oral cavity.
palatine shelves snap up

Question 10

frontal 12 weeks (hard/soft palate)

Answer 10

palatine shelves fuse in the midline
nasal septum fuses to hard palate
palate development is complete

Question 11

what happens when palatine shelves dont fuse across the midline

Answer 11

cleft palate

Question 12

Cleft lip w/ or w/o cleft palate (CL/P)

Answer 12

more common in males
occurs at diff rates across racial groups/countries

Question 13

Isolated Cleft Palate (CPO)

Answer 13

more common in females
diff incidence than CL/P
don’t vary across racial groups

Question 14

Speech production in CL/P and CPO

Answer 14

VP port opens and closes passageway between pharynx and nasal cavities which is critical for speech production

Question 15

closure of VP port

Answer 15

necessary for correct production of obstruent consonants

Question 16

what does obstruents require

Answer 16

buildup of pressure in vocal tract

Question 17

what happens if VP port is stuck open

Answer 17

incorrect sound production

Question 18

Velopharyngeal insufficiency

Answer 18

inability to close VP port
contributes to speech sound errors and excessive nasality leading to reduced speech intelligibilty

Question 19

Diagnosis of VPI

Answer 19

perceptual analysis of speech sound errors and degree of hyper nasality
helps identify causes of speech intelligibility

Question 20

type of VPI

Answer 20

problems elevating soft palate
problems squeezing soft palate with contraction of pharyngeal muscles

Question 21

direct visualization of VP port

Answer 21

videofluoroscopy
nasoendoscopy