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exam #1 Flashcards

1
Q

there is a wide range of normal when it comes to

A

language development

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2
Q

the source of an impairment is present from birth

A

congenital disorder

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3
Q

characteristics associated with increased risk for language disorders

A
  • being male
  • low socioeconomic status
  • older maternal age at birth
  • not attending daycare
  • hearing and attention problems
  • family history of speech and language difficulties
  • “low quality” parenting
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4
Q

word structure

A

morphology

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5
Q

disordered vocal quality, resonance, rate, pitch, intensity & intonation is a disorder of

A

voice

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6
Q

leading cause of disability & death in children and adolescents, damage can be localized or diffused

A

traumatic brain injury (TBI)

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7
Q

typical or above average ability to read but with poor reading comprehension

A

hyperlexia

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8
Q

an impaired ability to receive, send, process, and/or comprehend concepts

A

communication disorder

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9
Q

below

A

inferior

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10
Q

pair of air-filled elastic sacs that change in size and shape and allow us to breathe

A

lungs

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11
Q

vocal folds vibrate at high speeds

A

laryngeal system

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12
Q

used for inhalation, generally located above the the diaphragm

A

inspiratory muscles

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13
Q

how speech sounds are formed

A

articulation

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14
Q

study of structures of the body and the relationship of the structures

A

anatomy

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15
Q

vowels can also be categorized by __ and __

A

monopthongs & diphthongs

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16
Q

mispronunciation or delayed acquisition of speech sounds are caused by

A

speech sound disorders

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17
Q

children begin to demonstrate mastery of most consonants by age

A

5

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18
Q

major components of reading

A

decoding, phonological awareness, morphological awareness, comprehension

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19
Q

identify, prevent, and manage disorders of hearing and balance and dispense hearing aids

A

audiologists

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20
Q

breathing to sustain life; “quiet” breathing (determined by the body’s O2 levels and amount of CO2 in the blood)

A

tidal breathing

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21
Q

__ readers use very little cognitive resources for word pronunciation

A

mature

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22
Q

these intrinsic muscles change the tongue’s shape

A

superior & inferior longitudinal muscles

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23
Q

as comprehension becomes more skilled, children develop _ and _ literacy

A

critical, then dynamic

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24
Q

driving force for speech via positive air pressure beneath vocal folds

A

respiratory system

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25
Q

infants start to produce sounds with more intention (mostly vowels) by

A

2-3 months

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26
Q

something happened later in life to cause an impairment

A

acquired disorder

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27
Q

the smallest grammatical unit of language

A

morphemes

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28
Q

though there are 26 letters in the English alphabet, there are __ phonemes

A

44

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29
Q

SLPs also help people with

A

cognitive impairments & feeding/swallowing difficulties

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30
Q

disordered or impaired pragmatic communication is a disorder of language _

A

use

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31
Q

children with language impairments tent to have difficulties with getting their message across (__ langauge) or understanding the message coming from others (__ language)

A

expressive, receptive

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32
Q

classifications of consonants

A
  • place: where the sound is produced
  • manner: how the sound is produced
  • voice: whether the voice is on or off
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33
Q

persistent problems in social communication and interaction across different contexts not due to developmental delays, restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior and interests (impacts language content and use)

A

autism spectrum disorder (ASD)

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34
Q

study of the functions of organisms and bodily structures

A

physiology

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35
Q

first true word develops by

A

12 months (must be recognizable to the actual word and used to represent one thing with consistent word form)

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36
Q

final consonant deletion (his green cup - hi gree cu) is a disorder of language _

A

form

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37
Q

these abduct during respiration and adduct during phonation/swallowing

A

vocal folds

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38
Q

major structures of the articulatory/resonatory system

A

mandible (jaw), maxilla, teeth, toungue, lips, hard palate, soft palate, styloid process

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39
Q

atypical production of speech sounds, interruption in the flow of speaking, and abnormal production and/or absence of voice quality

A

speech disorder

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40
Q

the purpose and intent of language

A

pragmatics (language use)

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41
Q

major structures of the laryngeal system

A

thyroid, cricoid, arytenoids, vocal folds, glottis, epiglottis

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42
Q

late 8 sounds to occur in development

A

“sh”, “th” (voiced & voiceless), s, z, l, r

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43
Q

18-24 months is called the

A

toddler period

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44
Q

impairments to smoothness and flow of speech (fillers, hesitations, repititions, prolongations)

A

fluency disorders

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45
Q

the process of breaking a word down into its component sounds, blending the sounds together into recognizable words (“sounding it out”), and eventually interpreting those words based on context and prior knowledge

A

decoding

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46
Q

phonological awareness begins to develop around __ years of age

A

4

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47
Q

principle muscle of inspiration: dome-shaped, elastic, sits right under the lungs

A

diaphragm

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48
Q

steady state, single sounds - “eat”, “hot”

A

monopthongs

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49
Q

the sound system of language

A

phonology

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50
Q

VF abduction (coming apart)

A

posterior cricoarytenoid

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51
Q

vowels are pronounced with a __ vocal tract

A

open/unrestricted

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52
Q

using knowledge and new ideas combines with language to create text

A

writing

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53
Q

an impairment on the hearing (auditory) system

A

hearing disorder

54
Q

difficulties with the meaning of language is a disorder of language _

A

content

55
Q

flow and rhythym of speech

A

fluency

56
Q

newborns primarily produce __ sounds (grunting, crying)

A

reflexive

57
Q

two aspects of speech

A

articulation & fluency

58
Q

a heterogeneous group of disorders involving content, form, and/or use across one or more modalities of language

A

childhood language impairments

59
Q

reading begins through social interactions between children and _

A

caregivers

60
Q

an acoustic filter that allows certain frequencies to pass through

A

articulatory/resonatory system

61
Q

these extrinsic muscles move the toungue

A

styloglossus (elevation) & hyoglossus (depression)

62
Q

rapid, forceful inhalations, shorter inhalations than exhalations, more air inspired than tidal breathing (both IN and EX considered active)

A

speech breathing

63
Q

delayed acquisition of plurals (I have two dogs - I have two dog) is a disorder of language _

A

form

64
Q

2-5 years of age is called the

A

preschool period

65
Q

two types of hearing loss

A

conductive & sensioneural

66
Q

language FORM consists of _, _, _

A

phonology, morphology, syntax

67
Q

/bababa/, /mamama/

A

reduplicated babbling

68
Q

hearing is intact but processing is disrupted

A

central auditory processing disorder

69
Q

manner of consonants

A

stops, fracatives, nasals, glides/liquids, affricates

70
Q

an impairment in the comprehension and/or use of spoken and written language (form, content, use)

A

language disorder

71
Q

makes up the articulatory/resonatory system

A

oral cavity (mouth), nasal cavity (nose), pharyngeal cavity (throat)

72
Q

unique speech sounds in a language

A

phonemes

73
Q

produced with some degree of constriction in the oral, nasal, and/or pharyngeal cavities

A

consonants

74
Q

___ identify, assess, treat, and prevent communication disorders across modalities and for both receptive and expressive communication

A

speech language pathologists (SLPs)

75
Q

random vocal play

A

babbling

76
Q

group of muscles that stiffen and lengthen the VFs to increase pitch (cricoid + arytenoid)

A

cricoarytenoid (lateral & posterior)

77
Q

4 lobes of the brain

A

frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital

78
Q

used for exhalation, generally located below the diaphragm

A

expiratory muscles

79
Q

understanding context and able to analyze and synthesize information

A

critical literacy

80
Q

phonological awareness involves

A

phonemic awareness, rhyming, recognizing alliteration, identifying syllables in a word

81
Q

rules governing how sounds can go together in a language

A

phonotactic rules

82
Q

understanding the effects that bound morphemes have on root words

A

morphological awareness

83
Q

substantial limitations to intellectual functioning and conceptual, social, and practical areas of living, which hinders independence, IQ of 70 or lower (impacts language form, content, and use)

A

intellectual developmental disorder (IDD)

84
Q

disorders of conceptualization of language rules (MANY errors)

A

phonological disorders (final consonant deletions, weak syllable deletion, reduplication, consonant cluster reduction, assimilation, stopping, fronting)

85
Q

mandated improved access to public buildings (ramps, parking facilities), mandated accessible restrooms, provision of effective communication for people with disabilities (interpreters, signage, telecommunication devices), reasonable modification of policies and practices that may be discriminatory

A

Americans with Disabilities Act

86
Q

behind

A

posterior

87
Q

difficulty reading due to problems identifying speech sounds and learning how they relate to letters and words

A

dyslexia

88
Q

children begin variegated babbling (“mabaga”) at

A

7+ months

89
Q

secondary function of the laryngeal system

A

speech production

90
Q

poor letter formation

A

dysgraphia

91
Q

3 subsystems involved in speech production

A

respiratory, laryngeal, articulatory/resonatory

92
Q

above

A

superior

93
Q

the neuromotor coordination needed to say certain words

A

articulation

94
Q

causes/reasons of disordered communication (term)

A

etiologies

95
Q

VF adduction (coming together)

A

lateral cricoarytenoid & arytenoids

96
Q

in front of

A

anterior

97
Q

place of consonants

A

bilabial, labiodental, interdental, alveolar, palatal, velar, glottal

98
Q

by third grade, children go from learning to read to

A

reading to learn

99
Q

during this time, newborns have multiple means of communication and getting their needs met without talking

A

prelinguistic period

100
Q

protector of the trachea

A

epiglottis

101
Q

word order

A

syntax

102
Q

language content refers to _, or the underlying meaning of language

A

semantics

103
Q

significant limitation in language functioning without an obvious cause (impacts language form, content, and use)

A

developmental language disorder (DLD)

104
Q

children begin reduplicated babbling (“mamama”) at

A

6-7 months

105
Q

bulk of each vocal fold; contraction will shorten and thicken the VFs to decrease pitch (thyroid + arytenoid)

A

thyroarytenoid

106
Q

an umbrella term about a person’s ability to recognize and manipulate the spoken parts of words

A

phonological awareness

107
Q

the study of phonemes, knowledge of the sounds of a language and rules that govern production and combination of sounds

A

phonology

108
Q

non-steady state, double sounds - “cow”, “toy”

A

diphthongs

109
Q

the use of visual modes of communication (reading, writing)

A

literacy

110
Q

vowels can be categorized by __ and __

A
  • height: high, middle, low (“eee” then “aaa”)
  • location: front, middle, back (“eee” then “uh”)
111
Q

repackaged law to include the growing multiculturalism in the US, federal funds for early intervention services
(individual family service plans)

A

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) est. 1990

112
Q

disorders of production of sounds, motor-based (FEW errors)

A

articulation disorders

113
Q

speaking and writing becomes consciously separate

A

mature literacy

114
Q

interrelating content to other knowledge; comparing/contrasting; relating content to prior knowledge

A

dynamic literacy

115
Q

print awareness emerges around __ years of age

A

3

116
Q

a socially shared code used to represent concepts

A

language

117
Q

air moves into the lungs via the _ and branches into bronchi

A

trachea

118
Q

quality, resonance, rate, pitch, intensity, & intonation are all aspects of _

A

voice

119
Q

babbling begins at

A

4-6 months

120
Q

the ways in which we communicate are socially constructed and informed

A

sociolinguistics

121
Q

writing disorders can lead to deficits in

A

complexity & accuracy

122
Q

the teeth and tounge are part of the _ system

A

articulatory/resonatory

123
Q

persistent difficulty in the social use of verbal and nonverbal communication (impacts language use)

A

social communication disorder (SCD)

124
Q

primary function of the laryngeal system

A

protect the airway

125
Q

/babada/, /mamabada/

A

non-reduplicated babbling

126
Q

school-age & adolescent language begins

A

after the preschool period

127
Q

change in the way speech sounds due to paralysis, weakness, or poor coordination of the muscles

A

dysarthria

128
Q

where is the larynx located

A

between the trachea and pharynx (throat), suspended by the hyoid bone

129
Q

emerges through book sharing and conversing with books

A

emergent literacy

130
Q

all children with disabilities be given a free, appropriate public education in the least restrictive environment,
all needs and services provided by qualified individuals
IEPs, OTs, PTs, children are re-evaluated every three years

A

Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EAHCA) est. 1975

communications (3 decks)

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