Exam 1 Flashcards
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What benefits does the dental image have?
Detection of disease.
Detection of lesions.
Condition of teeth and bone.
Examine the status of teeth and bone during growth and development.
It is essential for illustrating changes resulting from trauma, cavities, and periodontal disease.
What is the difference between high and low contrast?
High Contrast = lower kVp, short scale, and has:
Many black and white areas
Few shades of gray
Useful for detecting dental caries
Low Contras = high kVp, long scale, and has:
Many shades of gray
Useful for detection of periodontal or periapical disease.
What results when a bite-wing X-ray image is distorted?
Incorrect vertical angulation
What will happen to the X-ray image when using a Long Tube (16” FFD)?
It will restore the image to its accurate size because the longer the beam, the less divergent the image will be.
What are the dental radiographer’s duties?
A dental radiographer is responsible for positioning, exposing, and processing dental x-ray image receptors.
Who regulates the manufacture and installation of all dental x-ray equipment?
Federal government
What law is defined as “Inversely proportional” means that as one variable increases, the other decreases.
Inverse Square Law
What are the principles of the bite-wing technique?
- The receptor is parallel to the crown of both maxillary and mandibular teeth.
- The receptor is stabilized when the patient bites on the bite-wing tab or the bite block of the beam alignment device.
- When using a bite-wing tab with film or PSP sensors, the x-ray beam’s central ray is directed through the teeth contacts, using a vertical angulation of +10 degrees.
Three types of intraoral images are used in dental examinations.
Periapical examinations
Interproximal examinations
Occlusal examinations
Define Exposure time
It is the time interval during which x-rays are produced, measured in impulses. An impulse is a series of bursts or pulses occurring every 1/60 of a second, resulting in 60 impulses per second.
What is another name for Pixel?
Picture Element
What is contrast?
Refers to how sharply dark and light areas are differentiated or separated on an image.
If the target-receptor distance is changed from 8” to 16”, how does this increase the effect of the beam’s intensity?
Beam is ¼ intense
What is intensity?
The total energy contained in the x-ray beam in a specific area at a given time; intensity is affected by kilovoltage, milliamperage, exposure time, and distance.
What is a Direct Digital Image?
The intraoral sensor consists of software and a computer. With software assistance, the sensor captures and transmits the radiographic image to a computer monitor.
If the target-receptor distance is changed from 16” to 8”, how does this decrease the effect of the beam’s intensity?
The beam is 4 times the intensity.
What is a Pixel?
A single point in a picture contains a discrete unit of information, which comes together to form a complete picture or image.
How are Kilovoltage and Exposure time inversely related?
When adjusting the kilovoltage, the exposure time must also be adjusted: increasing kV decreases exposure time, and decreasing kV increases exposure time.
What is an Indirect Digital Image?
Wireless, reusable phosphor plates that are flexible and require a high-speed scanner to convert the information into a computer monitor with software assistance.
What are the three exposure factors that control the density of a dental image?
Kilovoltage (kV)
Milliamperage (mA)
Exposure Time
What controls the quality, wavelength, and energy of the x-ray beam?
Kilovoltage
What determines the speed at which an electron to moves from the negative cathode to the positive anode?
Voltage
The purpose of periapical examination is to examine?
Exam bone and surrounding structure of the bone
Inspect crown
Inspect root
What influences the sharpness of an image?
Focal spot size
Film composition
Movement
The dark or black portion of a dental image is referred to as the ___________.
Radiolucent
The geometric characteristic that refers to an image appearing larger than its actual size is known as?
Magnification
A device that can demonstrate short-scale contrast and long-scale contrast is called?
Stepwedge
The portion of a dental image that appears light or white is called?
Radiopaque
What are the performance standards of the Federal government and State and local government?
Federal Government regulates:
Manufacture
Installation
State and Local Governments regulate:
Usage of equipment
Radiation safety codes
Equipment registration
Equipment inspection
Monitoring
Collects fee
Which intraoral imaging examination is used to inspect the crowns and roots of teeth and the supporting bone?
Periapical Examination
Which size receptor is recommended for bite-wings and PA in an adult patient?
Size 2
What are the five rules of paralleling techniques?
- Receptor placement: The receptor must cover the prescribed area.
- Receptor position: The receptor must be positioned parallel to the long axis of the tooth.
- Vertical angulation: The central ray should be directed perpendicular to both the receptor and the tooth’s long axis.
- Horizontal angulation: The center ray must be directed through the contact areas between the teeth.
- Receptor exposure: The X-ray beam must be centered over the receptor to ensure that all areas of the receptor are exposed.
What is the purpose of an interproximal examination?
To capture the crowns of both upper and lower teeth in a single image, which bite-wing receptor is used.
What determines the energy and penetration power of radiation?
Wavelength
What is the target object distance?
The distance from the source of radiation to the tooth.
How should the PID be correctly positioned in horizontal angulation?
The central ray is directed perpendicular to the arch’s curvature and through the contact areas of the teeth.
What refers to the number of x-rays produced and is controlled by milliamperage?
Quantity
What is milliamperage (mA)?
mA represents the amount of current passed through the X-ray tube. Current determines the number of photons the X-ray tube produces, also known as X-ray quantity.
X-rays with shorter wavelengths have more ____?
Penetration power
What is target receptor distance?
It is the distance from the source of radiation to the receptor.
This refers to the receptor’s ability to accurately reproduce the fine details of an object in a dental image.
Sharpness
How are Milliamperage (mA) and Exposure time inversely related?
When adjusting the mA, the exposure time must also be adjusted: increase mA and the exposure time will decrease; decrease mA, and the exposure time will increase.
What effects does mA have on density?
mA controls the density produced in the image. When the mA is increased, density increases; when mA is decreased, density decreases.
What part of the X-ray images will be seen as radiolucent?
Pulp
Periodontal ligament space
Caries
Abscess
What happens to an X-ray image when using a short tube (8” FFD)?
It will create an enlarged image due to beam divergence.
What is the distance between the object being radiographed and the image receptor?
Object receptor distance
An up and down position of the PID?
Verticle Angulation
What results in overlapped contacts?
Incorrect horizontal angulation
